Editing Duma (section)

==Boyar duma==
The term ''boyar duma'' ({{langx|ru| боярская дума|translit=boyarskaya duma|label=none}}) is used to refer to the councils of [[boyars]] and junior boyars ([[boyar scions]]) which advised the prince on state matters during the times of [[Kievan Rus']] and the [[Tsardom of Russia]] (then tsar).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/boyar|title=boyar|website=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]]|access-date=7 October 2022}}</ref> In 1711 [[Peter I of Russia|Peter the Great]] transferred its functions to the [[Governing Senate]]. Contemporary sources always refer simply to "the boyars" or to "the duma", but never to the "boyar duma". Originally there were ten to twelve boyars{{fact|date=June 2020}} and five or six ''[[Okolnichy|okolnichies]]''. By 1613 the duma had increased to twenty boyars and eight ''okolnichies''. Lesser nobles, "duma gentlemen" (''dumnye dvoriane'') and secretaries, were added to the duma and the number of ''okolnichies'' rose in the latter half of the 17th century. In 1676, the number of boyars increased to 50 – by then they constituted only a third of the duma.<ref>Paul Bushkovitch, ''Peter the Great'' (Rowman and Littlefield, 2001).</ref><ref>Gustave Alef, "Reflections on the Boyar Duma in the Reign of Ivan III", ''The Slavonic and East European Review'', 45, 104 (1967): 76–123.</ref>