Editing Drummond Township, Michigan (section)

==History==
[[File:Drummond Island Quarry- East End Looking East - DPLA - b582ab8e930a14a5a1467351e77e6a7a.jpg|thumb|200px|left|A quarry on Drummond Island (1893)]]
The township and island are named after [[Gordon Drummond]], the first [[Canada|Canadian]]-born officer to command the military and the civil government of British Canada. As [[Lieutenant Governor]] of [[Upper Canada]], Drummond distinguished himself on the [[Niagara River|Niagara]] front in the [[War of 1812]] and later became [[Governor General of Canada|Governor-General and Administrator of Canada]].<ref>{{Cite web |title = Drummond Island, Michigan |url = http://www.upperpeninsulaonline.com/html/drummond_island.html |access-date = October 5, 2012 }}</ref> The [[Ojibwe language|Ojibwe]] name for the island is ''Bootaagan-minising'' ([[Syncope (phonology)|syncope]] as ''Bootaagan-mnising''<ref name=FOD>[http://www.freelang.net/dictionary/ojibwe.html Freelang Ojibwe Dictionary]</ref> recorded as "Potagannissing"),<ref>{{cite book |last = Bamford |first = Don |title = Four Years on the Great Lakes, 1813-1816: The Journal of Lieutenant David Wingfield, Royal Navy |year = 2009 |publisher = Natural Heritage Books - The Dundurn Group |isbn = 978-1-55488-393-6 |page = 259 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=r5eoVCxNkFQC&q=Drummond+Island+native+name&pg=PA259 |author2 = Paul Carroll |access-date = December 17, 2013 }}</ref> meaning "at the Mill Island".<ref name=FOD/>

The history of Drummond Island dates back centuries, but more recent history of the past 200 years relates to the British occupation of the island during and after the [[War of 1812]]. The island was the last British outpost on American soil following the [[Treaty of Ghent]] (1814). On October 6, 1828, orders were sent out from Quebec that the post would be handed over, and the island was officially occupied by United States on November 14, 1828.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Michigan History: The first residents of Drummond Island |date = July 3, 2008 |url = http://www.absolutemichigan.com/dig/michigan/michigan-history-the-first-residents-of-drummond-island/ |access-date = October 5, 2012 }}</ref> Drummond Island was originally recorded by Americans as First Manitoulin Island and Drummond's Island.<ref name=":0" />

===Border on the Great Lakes===
[[File:Islands of north-east Lake Huron.PNG|thumb|left|200px|St. Joseph, Drummond, and Cockburn islands with the placement of the international boundary agreed to in 1822 and 1842]]
British and American negotiators to the 1814 Treaty of Ghent ended the [[War of 1812]] by offering no territorial concessions to either side, but returned to those boundaries set by the [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|Treaty of Paris of 1783]]. To resolve territorial claims that had precipitated the war, negotiators at [[Ghent]] established a process whereby commissioners would survey the boundary to determine the borders envisioned in the original treaty.

Beginning in August 1820, two teams of surveyors, including British explorer and cartographer [[David Thompson (explorer)|David Thompson]], mapped the area of [[St. Joseph Island (Ontario)|St. Joseph Island]], Drummond Island, and Lesser and Greater Manitou Islands (today [[Cockburn Island (Ontario)|Cockburn]] and Manitoulin islands). Mapping this corner of [[Lake Huron]] was a challenge given that little was known about the shores and depths of the channels between the islands. The agent for the United States survey team, Major [[Joseph Delafield]], complained, "No map that I have seen has any truth as it respects the position of Drummond's or the other islands about [[St. Marys River (Michigan–Ontario)|St. Marys]]. We entered this bay without a pilot, but are told we cannot proceed up river without one."<ref name=car>{{cite journal |last = Carroll |first = Francis M. |title = The Search for the Canadian-American boundary along the Michigan frontier, 1819-1827: The Boundary Commissions under Articles Six and Seven of the Treaty of Ghent |journal = Michigan Historical Review |date = Fall 2004 |volume = 30 |issue = 2 |pages = 77–104 |doi = 10.2307/20174082 |jstor = 20174082 }}</ref>

Based on the surveys taken in the summers of 1820 and 1821, and guided by the commission's two principles that the boundary would not divide islands and that the number of islands would be apportioned equally between the two countries,<ref name=car/> in November and December 1821, commissioners agreed to grant St. Joseph Island and Cockburn Island to Canada and Drummond Island, which lies between them, to the United States.<ref name=car/>