Editing Disk storage (section)

== Access methods ==
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Image:Samsung_HD753LJ_01-Top.jpg|{{center|A typical hard disk drive}}
Image:Samsung_HD753LJ_02-Bottom.jpg|{{center|Translation hardware on circuit board}}
Image:Samsung_HD753LJ_03-Opened.jpg|{{center|Top cover removed}}
Image:Hard_disk_platters_and_head.jpg|{{center|Disks (2) and actuator arms (4)}}
Image:Samsung_HD753LJ_05-Head.jpg|{{center|The head and disk}}
Image:Hard_disk_head.jpg|{{center|Head on the disk platter}}
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Too HDD specific, putting better images in intro-->

Digital disk drives are [[Computer data storage|block storage devices]]. Each disk is divided into logical [[Block (data storage)|blocks]] (collection of sectors). Blocks are addressed using their [[Logical block addressing|logical block addresses]] (LBA). Read from or write to disk happens at the granularity of blocks.

Originally the disk capacity was quite low and has been improved in one of several ways. Improvements in mechanical design and manufacture allowed smaller and more precise heads, meaning that more tracks could be stored on each of the disks. Advancements in data compression methods permitted more information to be stored in each of the individual sectors.

The drive stores data onto [[Cylinder-head-sector|cylinders, heads, and sectors]]. The sector unit is the smallest size of data to be stored in a hard disk drive, and each file will have many sector units assigned to it. The smallest entity in a CD is called a frame, which consists of 33 bytes and contains six complete 16-bit stereo samples (two bytes × two channels × six samples = 24 bytes). The other nine bytes consist of eight CIRC error-correction bytes and one [[Compact disc subcode|subcode]] byte used for control and display.

The information is sent from the computer processor to the BIOS into a chip controlling the data transfer. This is then sent out to the hard drive via a multi-wire connector. Once the data is received onto the circuit board of the drive, they are translated and compressed into a format that the individual drive can use to store onto the disk itself. The data is then passed to a chip on the circuit board that controls the access to the drive. The drive is divided into sectors of data stored onto one of the sides of one of the internal disks. An HDD with two disks internally will typically store data on all four surfaces.

The hardware on the drive tells the actuator arm where it is to go for the relevant track, and the compressed information is then sent down to the head, which changes the physical properties, optically or magnetically, for example, of each byte on the drive, thus storing the information. A file is not stored in a linear manner; rather, it is held in the best way for quickest retrieval.

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