Editing Discrimination (section)

==Definitions==

Moral philosophers{{who|date=November 2024}} have defined{{when|reason=When was this definition ratified?|date=November 2024}} discrimination using a [[Morality|moralized]] definition. Under this approach, discrimination is defined as acts, practices, or policies that wrongfully impose a relative disadvantage or deprivation on persons based on their membership in a salient social group.<ref>{{Citation|last=Altman|first=Andrew|title=Discrimination|date=2020|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2020/entries/discrimination/|encyclopedia=[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]|editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N.|edition=Summer 2020|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|quote=[A]s a reasonable first approximation, we can say that discrimination consists of acts, practices, or policies that impose a relative disadvantage on persons based on their membership in a salient social group. [...] [W]e can refine the first-approximation account of discrimination and say that the moralized concept of discrimination is properly applied to acts, practices or policies that meet two conditions: a) they wrongfully impose a relative disadvantage or deprivation on persons based on their membership in some salient social group, and b) the wrongfulness rests (in part) on the fact that the imposition of the disadvantage is on account of the group membership of the victims.|access-date=2020-10-13}}</ref> This is a comparative definition. An individual need not be actually harmed in order to be discriminated against. They just needs to be treated ''worse'' than others for some arbitrary reason. If someone decides to donate to help orphan children, but decides to donate less, say, to children of a particular race out of a racist attitude, they will be acting in a discriminatory way even if they actually benefit the people they discriminate against by donating some money to them.<ref>Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen, "Private Discrimination: A Prioritarian, Desert-Accommodating Account", ''San Diego Law Review'', 43, 817–856 (2006); Oscar Horta, "Discrimination in Terms of Moral Exclusion", ''Theoria: Swedish Journal of Philosophy'', 76, 346–364 (2010).</ref> Discrimination also develops into a source of [[oppression]], the action of recognizing someone as 'different' so much that they are treated inhumanly and degraded.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thompson |first=Neil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nVIJDAAAQBAJ&q=equality&pg=PP1 |title=Anti-Discriminatory Practice: Equality, Diversity and Social Justice |date=2016 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-1-137-58666-7 |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

This moralized definition of discrimination is distinct from a non-moralized definition—in the former, discrimination is wrong by definition, whereas in the latter, this is not the case.<ref name="Altman 2020">{{Citation |last=Altman |first=Andrew |title=Discrimination |date=2020 |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2020/entries/discrimination/ |encyclopedia=[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]] |editor-last=Zalta |editor-first=Edward N. |edition=Summer 2020 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=2020-12-29}}</ref>

The [[United Nations]] stance on discrimination includes the statement: "Discriminatory behaviors take many forms, but they all involve some form of exclusion or rejection."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cyberschoolbus.un.org/discrim/id_8_ud_print.asp |title=United Nations CyberSchoolBus: What is discrimination? |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140601211521/http://cyberschoolbus.un.org/discrim/id_8_ud_print.asp |archive-date=2014-06-01 }}</ref> The [[United Nations Human Rights Council]] and other international bodies work towards helping ending discrimination around the world.