Editing Dictum of Kenilworth (section)

==The Dictum of Kenilworth==
The commission was created by parliament appointing three bishops and three barons, who then selected one more bishop, two earls, and three more barons.<ref name="Powicke 1947, p. 532"/>
The final committee consisted of the bishops of [[Walter Branscombe|Exeter]], [[Walter Giffard|Bath and Wells]], [[Nicholas of Ely|Worcester]] and [[Richard Carew (bishop)|St. David's]], the earls of [[Gilbert de Clare, 8th Earl of Gloucester|Gloucester]] and [[Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford|Hereford]], and six barons ([[Philip Basset]], [[John I de Balliol|John Balliol]], [[Robert Walerand]], [[Alan la Zouche (died 1270)|Alan la Zouche]], [[Roger de Somery]] and [[Warin Basingbourne]]).<ref>Rothwell 1975, p. 380.</ref> This committee was given until All Saints Day (1 November) to come up with provisions for a settlement.<ref>Powicke (1947), pp. 532&ndash;3.</ref> The result, known as the Dictum<ref>A "dictum" in this context is an [[edict]] or [[wikt:award|award]], i.e. a legal ruling by an authority; {{cite web|url=http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50063594|title=dictum, ''n.''|publisher=[[Oxford Dictionary of English]]|access-date=2008-10-28|url-access=subscription }}</ref> of Kenilworth, was made public on 31 October 1266.<ref name="R380">"on the day before the [[Calends|kalends]] of November"; Rothwell (1975), p. 380.</ref>

The primary point of the Dictum was the re-establishment of royal authority.<ref>Article 1 (the numbers refer to the articles of the Dictum as they appear in Rothwell 1975, pp. 380&ndash;4).</ref> The [[Provisions of Oxford]], that had been forced on the king were repudiated, and it was made clear that the appointment of ministers was entirely a [[royal prerogative]].<ref>Article 7.</ref> King Henry in turn reconfirmed [[Magna Carta]] and the [[Charter of the Forest]].<ref>Article 3.</ref> At the same time, Henry was faced with the increasing veneration of the fallen Simon de Montfort,<ref>Article 8.</ref> whom some were already starting to consider a martyr and a possible saint.<ref>Maddicott (1994), pp. 346&ndash;7.</ref>

The rebels had previously been completely disinherited, and their land taken into the king's hands.<ref>Powicke (1953), p. 204.</ref> The Dictum instead extended a pardon,<ref>Article 5.</ref> and restored land to their previous owners, contingent on payment of certain penalties that were proportional to the level of involvement in the rebellion. It was traditional to value land at ten times its annual yield,<ref>Powicke (1947), p. 536.</ref> and most of the rebels were subsequently fined at half of this amount: five times the annual yield of their lands.<ref>Article 12.</ref>

[[Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby|Robert Ferrers, Earl of Derby]], was singled out in particular for his central involvement in the rebellion, and for him the multiple was seven rather than five.<ref>Article 14.</ref> The same was the case for [[Henry de Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings|Henry de Hastings]], who was the commander of Kenilworth Castle.<ref>Article 17.</ref> Those who had not taken part in the fighting themselves, but had incited others to rise up against the king, were fined at two years' value,<ref>Article 26.</ref> while those who had been compelled to fight, or played only a minor part, had to pay one year's value of their land.<ref>Article 27.</ref> The proceedings from the fines were awarded to royal supporters,<ref>Article 22.</ref> some of whom had already been awarded parts of the rebels' land, and now had to give it back.<ref>Powicke (1947), p. 537.</ref>