Editing Derek Jarman (section)

==Films==
Jarman's first films were experimental [[Super 8 film|Super 8mm]] shorts, a form he never entirely abandoned, and later developed further in his films ''Imagining October'' (1984), ''[[The Angelic Conversation (film)|The Angelic Conversation]]'' (1985), ''[[The Last of England (film)|The Last of England]]'' (1987), and ''[[The Garden (1990 film)|The Garden]]'' (1990) as a parallel to his narrative work. ''The Garden'' was entered into the [[17th Moscow International Film Festival]].<ref name="Moscow1991">{{cite web|url=http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1991 |title=17th Moscow International Film Festival (1991) |access-date=4 March 2013 |work=MIFF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403102003/http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1991 |archive-date=3 April 2014  }}</ref> ''The Angelic Conversation'' featured [[Toby Mott]] and other members of the [[Grey Organisation]], a radical artist collective.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0609470/|title=Toby Mott|publisher=IMDb.com|access-date=27 August 2012}}</ref>

Jarman first became known as a stage designer. His break in the film industry came as production designer for [[Ken Russell]]'s ''[[The Devils (film)|The Devils]]'' (1971).<ref>[https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/6909-turning-to-derek-jarman Turning to Derek Jarman|Current|The Criterion Collection]</ref> He made his mainstream narrative filmmaking debut with ''[[Sebastiane]]'' (1976), about the martyrdom of [[Saint Sebastian]]. This was one of the first British films to feature positive images of gay [[human sexuality|sexuality]];<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/campaign/derek-jarman|title=Derek Jarman|date=2019-02-09|website=UCL Campaign|language=en|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref> its dialogue was entirely in [[Latin]].

He followed this with ''[[Jubilee (1978 film)|Jubilee]]'' (shot 1977, released 1978), in which Queen [[Elizabeth I of England]] is seen to be transported forward in time to a desolate and brutal wasteland ruled by her twentieth-century namesake.<ref>[https://www.criterion.com/films/736-jubilee Jubilee (1978)|The Criterion Collection]</ref> ''Jubilee'' has been described as "Britain's only decent [[punk film]]",<ref>[http://brightlightsfilm.com/anarchy-uk-derek-jarmans-jubilee-1978-revisited/#.VKU_aZOClQI  ''Anarchy in the UK: Derek Jarman’s Jubilee (1978) Revisited'', Julian Upton, Bright Lights Film Journal, Portland, OR, 1 October 2000].Retrieved: 1 January 2015.</ref> and featured punk groups and figures such as [[Jayne County]] of [[Wayne County & the Electric Chairs]], [[Jordan (Pamela Rooke)|Jordan]], [[Toyah Willcox]], [[Adam and the Ants]] and The Slits.

This was followed in 1979 by an adaptation of Shakespeare's ''[[The Tempest (1979 film)|The Tempest]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://celluloidwickerman.com/2015/06/01/alchemical-magic-in-derek-jarmans-the-tempest-1979/|title=Alchemical Magic in Derek Jarman's The Tempest (1979)|last=adamscovell|date=2015-06-01|website=Celluloid Wicker Man|language=en|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref>

During the 1980s, Jarman was a leading campaigner against [[Section 28]], which sought to ban the "promotion" of homosexuality in schools. He also worked to raise awareness of AIDS. His artistic practice in the early 1980s reflected these commitments, especially in ''[[The Angelic Conversation (film)|The Angelic Conversation]]'' (1985), a film in which the imagery is accompanied by [[Judi Dench]]'s voice reciting [[Shakespeare's sonnets]].

Jarman spent seven years making experimental Super 8mm films and attempting to raise money for ''[[Caravaggio (1986 film)|Caravaggio]]'' (he later claimed to have rewritten the script seventeen times during this period). Released in 1986, ''Caravaggio''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/features/revisiting-derek-jarman-caravaggio|title=Revisiting Derek Jarman's Caravaggio|newspaper=Bfi|language=en|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref> attracted a comparatively wide audience; it is still, barring the cult hit ''Jubilee'', probably Jarman's most widely known work. This is partly due to the involvement, for the first time with a Jarman film, of the British television company [[Channel 4]] in funding and distribution. Funded by the [[British Film Institute]] and produced by film theorist [[Colin MacCabe]], ''Caravaggio'' became Jarman's most famous film to date, and marked the beginning of a new phase in his filmmaking career: from then onwards, all his films would be partly funded by television companies, often receiving their most prominent exhibition in TV screenings. ''Caravaggio'' also saw Jarman work with actress [[Tilda Swinton]] for the first time. Overt depictions of homosexual love, narrative ambiguity, and the live representations of [[Caravaggio]]'s most famous paintings are all prominent features in the film.

The conclusion of ''Caravaggio'' also marked the beginning of a temporary abandonment of traditional narrative in Jarman's films. Frustrated by the formality of [[35mm movie film|35mm film]] production, and by the dependence on institutions and the resultant prolonged inactivity associated with it (which had already cost him seven years with ''Caravaggio'', as well as derailing several long-term projects), Jarman returned to and expanded the super 8mm-based form he had previously worked in on ''Imagining October'' and ''The Angelic Conversation''. ''Caravaggio'' was entered into the [[36th Berlin International Film Festival]], where it won the [[Silver Bear]] for an outstanding single achievement.<ref name="Berlinale">{{cite web |url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1986/03_preistr_ger_1986/03_Preistraeger_1986.html |title=Berlinale: 1986 Prize Winners |access-date=15 January 2011 |work=berlinale.de |archive-date=22 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322210210/https://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1986/03_preistr_ger_1986/03_Preistraeger_1986.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The first film to result from this new semi-narrative phase, ''The Last of England'' told the death of a country, ravaged by its own internal decay and the economic restructuring of [[Premiership of Margaret Thatcher|Thatcher's government]]. "Wrenchingly beautiful … the film is one of the few commanding works of personal cinema in the late 80's – a call to open our eyes to a world violated by greed and repression, to see what irrevocable damage has been wrought on city, countryside and soul, how our skies, our bodies, have turned poisonous", wrote a ''[[Village Voice]]'' critic.

In 1989, Jarman's film ''[[War Requiem (film)|War Requiem]]'' produced by [[Don Boyd]] brought [[Laurence Olivier]] out of retirement for what would be Olivier's last screen performance. The film uses [[Benjamin Britten]]'s eponymous [[War Requiem|anti-war requiem]] as its soundtrack and juxtaposes violent footage of war with the mass for the dead and the passionate humanist poetry of [[Wilfred Owen]].

During the making of his film ''[[The Garden (1990 film)|The Garden]]'', Jarman became seriously ill. Although he recovered sufficiently to complete the work, he never attempted anything on a comparable scale afterwards, returning to a more pared-down form for his concluding narrative films, ''[[Edward II (film)|Edward II]]'' (perhaps his most politically outspoken work, informed by his gay activism) and the [[Bertolt Brecht|Brechtian]] ''[[Wittgenstein (film)|Wittgenstein]]'', a delicate tragicomedy based on the life of the philosopher [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]]. Jarman made a side income by directing [[music videos]] for various artists, including [[Marianne Faithfull]],<ref name=openculture>{{cite web |title=Watch Derek Jarman's Daring 12-Minute Promo Film for Marianne Faithfull's 1979 Comeback Album Broken English (NSFW) |url=http://www.openculture.com/2017/04/derek-jarmans-daring-12-minute-promo-film-for-marianne-faithfulls-1979-comeback-album.html |date=6 April 2017 |publisher=openculture.com |access-date=20 August 2018}}</ref> [[The Smiths]] and the [[Pet Shop Boys]].<ref name="Schneider">{{cite web |last1=Schneider |first1=Martin |title=Derek Jarman's Videos for the Smith and Pet Shop Boys |url=https://dangerousminds.net/comments/derek_jarmans_videos_for_the_smiths_and_pet_shop_boys |website=12 March 2013 |date=3 December 2013 |publisher=dangerousminds.net |access-date=20 August 2018}}</ref>

[[File:Derek Jarman's grave.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Jarman's headstone in the graveyard of [[Old Romney#St Clement's Church|St Clement's Church, Old Romney]]]]

By the time of his 1993 film ''[[Blue (1993 film)|Blue]]'',<ref name="bluetate">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/jarman-blue-t14555|title='Blue', Derek Jarman, 1993|website=Tate|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref> Jarman was losing his sight and dying of AIDS-related complications. ''Blue'' consists of a single shot of saturated blue colour filling the screen, as background to a soundtrack composed by [[Simon Fisher Turner]], and featuring original music by [[Coil (band)|Coil]] and other artists, in which Jarman describes his life and vision. When it was shown on British television, [[Channel 4]] carried the image whilst the soundtrack was broadcast simultaneously on [[BBC Radio 3]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=6 Things You Need To Know About Derek Jarman|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/5Gl37l03gLyCy438zkX3V02/6-things-you-need-to-know-about-derek-jarman|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423032402/http://www.bbc.co.uk:80/programmes/articles/5Gl37l03gLyCy438zkX3V02/6-things-you-need-to-know-about-derek-jarman? |archive-date=23 April 2015 |access-date=2021-01-18|website=BBC Radio 4}}</ref> ''Blue'' was unveiled at the [[1993 Venice Biennale]] with Jarman in attendance and subsequently entered the collections of the Walker Art Institute;<ref>[https://walkerart.org/calendar/2021/blue-2 Blue|Walker Art Center]</ref> [[Centre Georges Pompidou]],<ref>[https://www.centrepompidou.fr/en/ressources/oeuvre/cXb465x Blue - Centre Pompidou]</ref> [[MoMA]]<ref>[https://www.moma.org/calendar/events/8132 Blue. 1993. Directed by Derek Jarman|MoMA]</ref> and [[Tate Modern|Tate]].<ref name="bluetate"/> His final work as a film-maker was the film ''[[Glitterbug (film)|Glitterbug]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeitgeistfilms.com/film/glitterbug|title=Glitterbug :: Zeitgeist Films|website=zeitgeistfilms.com|access-date=2020-03-10}}</ref> made for the ''[[Arena (UK TV series)|Arena]]'' slot on [[BBC Two]], and broadcast shortly after Jarman's death.