Editing Dennis Hopper (section)

==Career==
=== 1954–1966: Early roles ===
[[File:Dennis Hopper & Karen Sharpe - Conflict TV Promotional Photograph (1957).jpg|thumb|Hopper, aged 20, with actress [[Karen Sharpe]] in an April 1957 promotional photograph for an episode of the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] television series ''[[Conflict (American TV series)|Conflict]]'']]
Hopper was reported to have had an uncredited role in ''[[Johnny Guitar]]'' in 1954, but he was quoted as saying he was not in Hollywood when the film was made.<ref name="AVCRR">Murray, Noel (December 2, 2008). [http://www.avclub.com/content/feature/random_roles_dennis_hopper Random Roles with Dennis Hopper] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203122236/http://www.avclub.com/content/feature/random_roles_dennis_hopper |date=December 3, 2008 }}. ''[[The A.V. Club]]'', Onion Inc. Retrieved May 29, 2010.</ref> Hopper made his debut on film in two roles with [[James Dean]] (whom he admired immensely) in ''[[Rebel Without a Cause]]'' (1955) and ''[[Giant (1956 film)|Giant]]'' (1956). Dean's death in a car accident in September 1955 affected the young Hopper deeply and it was shortly afterward that he got into a confrontation with veteran director [[Henry Hathaway]] on the film ''[[From Hell to Texas]]'' (1958). Hopper reportedly forced Hathaway to shoot more than 80 takes of a scene over several days before he acquiesced to Hathaway's direction. After filming was finally completed, Hathaway allegedly told Hopper that his career in Hollywood was finished.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wyatt|first=Edward|title=Dennis Hopper, 74, Hollywood Rebel, Dies|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/30/movies/30hopper.html|newspaper=The New York Times|date=May 29, 2010|access-date=February 24, 2017|archive-date=March 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303051501/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/30/movies/30hopper.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In his book ''Last Train to Memphis'', American popular music historian [[Peter Guralnick]] says that in 1956, when [[Elvis Presley]] was making his first film in Hollywood, Hopper was roommates with fellow actor [[Nick Adams (actor, born 1931)|Nick Adams]] and the three became friends and socialized together. In 1959, Hopper moved to New York to study [[Method acting]] under [[Lee Strasberg]] at the [[Actors Studio]].<ref>Noever, Peter. ''Dennis Hopper: a System of Moments'', Hatje Cantz Publishers (2001) p. 258</ref> In 1961, Hopper played his first lead role in ''[[Night Tide]]'', an atmospheric supernatural thriller involving a mermaid in an amusement park. In a December 1994 interview on the ''[[Charlie Rose Show]]'', Hopper credited [[John Wayne]] with saving his career, as Hopper acknowledged that because of his insolent behavior, he could not find work in Hollywood for seven years. Hopper stated that, because of his marriage to Brooke Hayward, he was the son-in-law of actress [[Margaret Sullavan]], a friend of John Wayne, and Wayne hired Hopper for a role in ''[[The Sons of Katie Elder]]'' (1965), also directed by Hathaway, which enabled Hopper to restart his film career.<ref>Charlie Rose (December 21, 1994). [http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/7142 Dennis Hopper Interview] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608221033/http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/7142 |date=June 8, 2010}} (video). ''CharlieRose.com''; Charlie Rose LLC. Retrieved May 29, 2010.</ref>

Hopper debuted in an episode of the [[Richard Boone]] television series ''[[Medic (TV series)|Medic]]'' in 1955, portraying a young [[epilepsy|epileptic]]. He appeared in the first episode of the popular TV series ''[[The Rifleman]]'' (1958–1963) as the troubled orphan protagonist Vernon Tippet who is exploited by his greedy uncle. The series starred [[Chuck Connors]] and the premiere episode "The Sharpshooter" was written by [[Sam Peckinpah]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0686728/?ref_=ttep_ep1|title=The Sharpshooter|date=September 30, 1958|via=IMDb|access-date=March 23, 2020|archive-date=March 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309051943/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0686728/?ref_=ttep_ep1|url-status=live}}</ref> Hopper subsequently appeared in over 140 episodes of television shows such as ''[[Gunsmoke]]'', ''[[Bonanza]]'', ''[[Petticoat Junction]]'', ''[[The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'', ''[[The Barbara Stanwyck Show]]'', ''[[The Defenders (1961 TV series)|The Defenders]]'', ''[[The Investigators (1961 TV series)|The Investigators]]'', ''[[The Legend of Jesse James (TV series)|The Legend of Jesse James]]'', ''[[Entourage (U.S. TV series)|Entourage]]'', ''[[The Big Valley]]'', ''[[The Time Tunnel]]'', and ''[[Combat!]]''.

=== 1967–1986: Breakthrough and acclaim ===
[[File:Dennis Hopper and Michelle Phillips, 1970.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Hopper with second wife [[Michelle Phillips]] in 1970, during editing of ''[[The Last Movie]]'']]
Hopper had a supporting role as the bet-taker, "Babalugats", in ''[[Cool Hand Luke]]'' (1967). In 1968, Hopper teamed with [[Peter Fonda]], [[Terry Southern]] and [[Jack Nicholson]] to make ''[[Easy Rider]]'', which premiered in July 1969. With the release of ''[[True Grit (1969 film)|True Grit]]'' a month earlier, Hopper had starring roles in two major box-office films that summer. Hopper won wide acclaim as the director for his improvisational methods and innovative editing for ''Easy Rider''.<ref name="Biskind2011">{{cite book|author=Peter Biskind|title=Easy Riders Raging Bulls|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J3ucTdpeE9YC&pg=PA74|access-date=November 18, 2012|date=December 13, 2011|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1-4391-2661-5|pages=74–}}</ref> The production was plagued by creative differences and personal acrimony between Fonda and Hopper, the dissolution of Hopper's marriage to [[Brooke Hayward]], his unwillingness to leave the editor's desk and his accelerating abuse of drugs and alcohol.<ref>{{cite book|author=Peter Biskind|title=Easy Riders Raging Bulls|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J3ucTdpeE9YC&pg=PA71|access-date=November 19, 2012|date=December 13, 2011|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1-4391-2661-5|pages=71–}}</ref> Hopper said of ''Easy Rider'': "The cocaine problem in the United States is really because of me. There was no cocaine before ''Easy Rider'' on the street. After ''Easy Rider'', it was everywhere".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jahsonic.com/NewHollywood.html|title=New Hollywood (1967–1977)|access-date=December 3, 2013|archive-date=June 23, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623190630/http://www.jahsonic.com/NewHollywood.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Besides showing drug use on film, it was one of the first films to portray the hippie lifestyle. Hopper became a [[role model]] for some male youths who rejected traditional jobs and traditional American culture, partly exemplified by Fonda's long sideburns and Hopper wearing shoulder-length hair and a long mustache. They were denied rooms in motels and proper service in restaurants as a result of their radical looks.<ref name=Hillman>Hillman, Betty Luther. ''Dressing for the Culture Wars: Style and the Politics of Self-Presentation in the 1960s and 1970s'', Univ. of Nebraska Press (2015) e-book</ref> Their long hair became a point of contention in various scenes during the film.<ref name=Hillman/> Journalist Ann Hornaday wrote: "With its portrait of [[counterculture of the 1960s|counterculture]] heroes raising their middle fingers to the uptight middle-class hypocrisies, ''Easy Rider'' became the cinematic symbol of the 1960s, a celluloid anthem to freedom, macho bravado and anti-establishment rebellion".<ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|date=May 29, 2010|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/05/29/AR2010052903020.html|title=Dennis Hopper's influential career came full-circle|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=May 30, 2010|archive-date=November 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110165754/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/05/29/AR2010052903020.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Film critic Matthew Hays wrote "no other persona better signifies the lost idealism of the 1960s than that of Dennis Hopper".<ref name=Hays>{{cite book|editor-last1=Unterburger|editor-first1=Amy L.|title=International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers – vol 3 Actors and Actresses|publisher=St. James Press|year=1997|page=564|isbn=9781558623002}}</ref>

[[File:Dennis Hopper 1973.jpg|thumb|Hopper in 1973]]
Hopper was unable to capitalize on his ''Easy Rider'' success for several years. In 1970 he filmed ''[[The Last Movie]]'', cowritten by [[Stewart Stern]] and photographed by [[László Kovács (cinematographer)|László Kovács]] in Peru, and completed production in 1971. It won the prestigious CIDALC Award at that year's Venice Film Festival, but Universal Studios leaders expected a blockbuster like ''Easy Rider'', and did not like the film or give it an enthusiastic release, while American film audiences found it confounding – as convoluted as an abstract painting. On viewing the first release print, fresh from the lab, in his screening room at Universal, [[MCA Inc.|MCA]] founder [[Jules C. Stein]] rose from his chair and said, "I just don't understand this younger generation."<ref>Rol Murrow, quoted in book ''HOPPER'' by Tom Folsom (2013)</ref> During the tumultuous editing process, Hopper ensconced himself at the [[Mabel Dodge Luhan House]] in Taos, New Mexico, which he had purchased in 1970,<ref name="Thompson">{{cite news|url=http://www.nmmagazine.com/outings_mdlhouse_feb10.php|title=Outings: Mabel Dodge Luhan House|last=Thompson|first=Linda|work=[[New Mexico Magazine]]|access-date=August 7, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504093655/http://www.nmmagazine.com/outings_mdlhouse_feb10.php|archive-date=May 4, 2010}}</ref> for almost an entire year. In between contesting Fonda's rights to the majority of the residual profits from ''Easy Rider'', he married singer [[Michelle Phillips]] of [[The Mamas and the Papas]]  on [[Halloween]] of 1970. The marriage lasted eight days.

Hopper acted in another John Wayne film, ''[[True Grit (1969 film)|True Grit]]'' (1969), and during its production, he became well acquainted with Wayne. In both of the films with Wayne, Hopper's character is killed in the presence of Wayne's character, to whom he utters his dying words. On September 30, 1970, Hopper appeared on the second episode of season 2 of ''[[The Johnny Cash Show]]'' where he sang a duet with Cash entitled "Goin' Up Goin' Down". Cash said the song was written by [[Kris Kristofferson]] about Hopper. Hopper added that Kristofferson had written some songs for his Peruvian-shot movie ''The Last Movie'', in which Kristofferson appeared in his debut role with [[Julie Adams]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1123104/?ref_=nm_flmg_slf_248|title=Episode #2.2|date=September 30, 1970|via=IMDb|access-date=March 23, 2020|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308105924/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1123104/?ref_=nm_flmg_slf_248|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0067327/?ref_=_142|title=The Last Movie|date=October 21, 1988|via=IMDb|access-date=March 23, 2020|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308123038/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0067327/?ref_=_142|url-status=live}}</ref> Hopper also recited [[Rudyard Kipling]]'s famous poem [[If—]] during his appearance.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T2LUbk_7uKg | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211028/T2LUbk_7uKg| archive-date=October 28, 2021|title=Video |website=www.youtube.com | date=March 24, 2015|access-date=September 21, 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Hopper was able to sustain his lifestyle and a measure of celebrity by acting in numerous [[low budget]] and European films throughout the 1970s as the archetypal "tormented maniac", including ''[[Mad Dog Morgan]]'' (1976), ''[[Tracks (1976 film)|Tracks]]'' (1976), and ''[[The American Friend]]'' (1977). With [[Francis Ford Coppola]]'s blockbuster ''[[Apocalypse Now]]'' (1979), Hopper returned to prominence as a hyper-manic Vietnam-era photojournalist. Stepping in for an overwhelmed director, Hopper won praise in 1980 for his directing and acting in ''[[Out of the Blue (1980 film)|Out of the Blue]]''. Immediately thereafter, Hopper starred as an addled short-order cook "Cracker" in the [[Neil Young]]/[[Dean Stockwell]] low-budget collaboration ''[[Human Highway]]''. Production was reportedly often delayed by his unreliable behavior. [[Peter Biskind]] states in the [[New Hollywood]] history ''[[Easy Riders, Raging Bulls]]'' that Hopper's cocaine intake had reached three grams a day by this time, complemented by 30 beers, and some marijuana and [[Cuba libre]]s.

After staging a "suicide attempt" (really more of a daredevil act) in a coffin using 17 sticks of dynamite during an "art happening" at the Rice University Media Center (filmed by professor and documentary filmmaker Brian Huberman),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.brianhuberman.com/about/ |title=Brian Huberman About Brian Huberman |publisher=Brianhuberman.com |date=January 5, 1995 |access-date=January 14, 2013 |archive-date=January 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130113102014/http://www.brianhuberman.com/about/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and later disappearing into the Mexican desert during a particularly extravagant bender, Hopper entered a [[drug rehabilitation]] program in 1983.

Though Hopper gave critically acclaimed performances in Coppola's ''[[Rumble Fish]]'' (1983) and [[Sam Peckinpah]]'s ''[[The Osterman Weekend (film)|The Osterman Weekend]]'' (1983), it was not until he portrayed the gas-huffing, obscenity-screaming villain [[Frank Booth (Blue Velvet)|Frank Booth]] in [[David Lynch]]'s ''[[Blue Velvet (film)|Blue Velvet]]'' (1986) that his career truly revived. On reading the script Hopper said to Lynch: "You have to let me play Frank Booth. Because I am Frank Booth!"<ref>Egan, Barry (November 2, 2007). [http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/film-cinema/keeping-your-hair-on-1210900.html Keeping your hair on] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929071743/http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/film-cinema/keeping-your-hair-on-1210900.html |date=September 29, 2008 }}. [[Irish Independent|The Independent]]. Retrieved May 29, 2010.</ref> He won critical acclaim and several awards for this role, and in the same year received an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor for his role as an alcoholic assistant basketball coach in ''[[Hoosiers (film)|Hoosiers]]''. Also in 1986, Hopper portrayed Lt. Enright in the [[comedy horror]] ''[[The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2]]''.

=== 1987–2010: Later work and final roles ===
[[File:DennisHopperJackNicholson.jpg|upright|thumb|right|alt=Dennis Hopper and Jack Nicholson wearing tuxedos and holding drinks|Hopper (left) with his friend and ''Easy Rider'' co-star [[Jack Nicholson]] in 1990]]
In 1987 he acted in the [[neo-noir]] thriller ''[[Black Widow (1987 film)|Black Widow]]'' alongside [[Debra Winger]], the action comedy ''[[Straight to Hell (film)|Straight to Hell]]'', the adventure film ''[[Running Out of Luck]]'' starring [[Mick Jagger]] and the romantic comedy ''[[The Pick-up Artist (1987 film)|The Pick-up Artist]]'' starring [[Molly Ringwald]] and [[Robert Downey Jr.]] In 1988, he directed ''[[Colors (film)|Colors]]'', a critically acclaimed [[police procedural]] about gang violence in Los Angeles starring [[Sean Penn]] and [[Robert Duvall]]. Hopper plays an aging hippie prankster in the 1990 comedy ''[[Flashback (1990 film)|Flashback]]'', fleeing in a ''[[Furthur (bus)|Furthur]]''-like old bus to the tune of Steppenwolf's "[[Born to Be Wild]]". Hopper teamed with Nike in the early 1990s to make a series of television commercials. He appeared as a "crazed referee" in those ads.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tailgatingideas.com/dennis-hopper-nike-football-commercials/|title=A Collection of the Dennis Hopper "Crazy Ref" Commercials|website=Tailgating Ideas|author1=Dave|date=September 9, 2009|access-date=July 21, 2014|archive-date=July 26, 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140726063308/http://www.tailgatingideas.com/dennis-hopper-nike-football-commercials/|url-status=live}}</ref> Hopper appeared on the final two episodes of the cult 1991 television show ''[[Fishing with John]]'' with host [[John Lurie]]. He was nominated for the [[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie]] for the 1991 HBO film ''Paris Trout''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emmys.com/celebrities/dennis-hopper |title=Dennis Hopper Emmy Nominated |publisher=Emmys.com |access-date=January 14, 2013}}</ref> Shortly thereafter, he played drug smuggler and [[Drug Enforcement Administration|DEA]] informant [[Barry Seal]] in the HBO film ''[[Doublecrossed]]''.

He starred as [[Bowser|King Koopa]] in ''[[Super Mario Bros. (film)|Super Mario Bros.]]'', a 1993 critical and commercial failure loosely based on the video game of the same name.<ref name="AVCRR"/> In 1993, he played Clifford Worley in ''[[True Romance]]''. He co-starred in the 1994 blockbuster ''[[Speed (1994 film)|Speed]]'' with [[Keanu Reeves]] and [[Sandra Bullock]], and as magic-phobic [[H.P. Lovecraft]] in the television movie ''[[Witch Hunt (1994 film)|Witch Hunt]]''. In 1995, Hopper played a greedy television self-help guru, Dr. Luther Waxling in ''[[Search and Destroy (1995 film)|Search and Destroy]]''. The same year, he starred as Deacon, the one-eyed nemesis of [[Kevin Costner]] in ''[[Waterworld]]''. And in 1996 he starred in the science fiction comedy ''[[Space Truckers]]'' directed by [[Stuart Gordon]]. Also in 1996 he appeared as art dealer [[Bruno Bischofberger]] in [[Basquiat (film)|''Basquiat'']]. Hopper was originally cast as Christof in the 1998 [[Peter Weir]] film, ''[[The Truman Show]]'', but left during the filming due to "creative differences"; he was replaced by [[Ed Harris]].<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-04-09-ca-46744-story.html Is Jim Carrey Flying in the Face of Success, Again?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215075341/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-04-09-ca-46744-story.html |date=February 15, 2023 }} ''Los Angeles Times'' April 9, 1997</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/the-truman-show-and-its-very-late-casting-change/ | title=The Truman Show, and Its (Very) Late Casting Change | date=July 16, 2018 | access-date=August 21, 2023 | archive-date=August 21, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821073641/https://www.denofgeek.com/movies/the-truman-show-and-its-very-late-casting-change/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 1999, he starred in ''The Prophet's Game'' (a dark thriller), directed by [[David Worth (cinematographer)|David Worth]] and also starring [[Stephanie Zimbalist]], Robert Yocum, [[Sondra Locke]], [[Joe Penny]] and [[Tracey Birdsall]]. In 2003, Hopper was in the running for the dual lead in the indie horror drama ''[[Firecracker (2005 film)|Firecracker]]'', but was ousted at the last minute in favor of [[Mike Patton]].

In 2005, Hopper played Paul Kaufman in George A. Romero's ''[[Land of the Dead]]''. He portrayed villain [[Victor Drazen]] in the first season of the popular action drama ''[[24 (TV series)|24]]''. Hopper starred as a U.S. Army colonel in the 2005 television series ''[[E-Ring]]'', a drama set at [[The Pentagon]], but the series was canceled after 14 episodes aired. Hopper appeared in all 22 episodes that were filmed. He also played the part of record producer Ben Cendars in the Starz television series ''[[Crash (2008 TV series)|Crash]]'', which lasted two seasons (26 episodes).

In 2008, Hopper starred in ''[[An American Carol]]''. In 2008 he also played The Death in [[Wim Wenders]]' ''[[Palermo Shooting]]''. His last major feature film appearance was in the 2008 film ''[[Elegy (film)|Elegy]]'' with [[Ben Kingsley]], [[Penélope Cruz]] and [[Debbie Harry]]. For his last performance, he was the voice of Tony, the alpha-male of the Eastern wolf pack in the 2010 animated film ''[[Alpha and Omega (film)|Alpha and Omega]]''. He died before the movie was released. This brought the directors to dedicate the film to his memory at the beginning of the movie credits. Hopper filmed scenes for ''[[The Other Side of the Wind]]'' in 1971, appearing as himself; after decades of legal, financial and technical delays, the film was finally released on [[Netflix]] in 2018.<ref name="swan song" />