Editing Demographics of Ukraine (section)

=== Historical Population ===  
There were roughly four million Ukrainians at the end of the 17th century.<ref name="Subtelny2000">Subtelny, Orest. ''Ukraine: A History''. University of Toronto Press, 2000, p. 152.</ref> However, population estimates from this period are approximate and may vary depending on methodology and available records.  

The estimated population figures for Ukraine in the early 20th century are based on various sources. The 1931 population statistics were estimated by Professor Zenon Kuzelia,<ref name="Kuzelia1931">Kuzelia, Zenon. ''Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopedia Vol. 1''. University of Toronto Press, 1989, p. 134.</ref> as an official census was not conducted in Soviet Ukraine during that year.