Editing Demographics of Canada (section)

== Population ==
[[File:Population density per province by Canada gradient map (2021).svg|thumb|upright=1.2|Population density of Canadian provinces and territories
{{legend|#034e7b|>25 people/km<sup>2</sup>}}
{{legend|#0570b0|15–24.9 people/km<sup>2</sup>}}
{{legend|#3690c0|10–14.9 people/km<sup>2</sup>}}
{{legend|#74a9cf|5–9.9 people/km<sup>2</sup>}}
{{legend|#a6bddb|1–4.9 people/km<sup>2</sup>}}
{{legend|#d0d1e6|<1 people/km<sup>2</sup>}}]]
{{Main|Population of Canada}}
The [[2021 Canadian census]] had a total population count of 36,991,981 individuals, making up approximately 0.5% of the world's total population.<ref name=2021cen/><ref>{{cite web |title=Environment — Greenhouse Gases (Greenhouse Gas Emissions per Person) |url=http://www4.hrsdc.gc.ca/.3ndic.1t.4r@-eng.jsp?iid=64 |publisher=Human Resources and Skills Development Canada |year=2010 |access-date=23 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227221908/http://www4.hrsdc.gc.ca/.3ndic.1t.4r@-eng.jsp?iid=64 |archive-date=27 February 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A population estimate for 2024 put the total number of people in Canada at 41,012,563.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2018-06-27 |title=Population estimates, quarterly |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901 |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=www150.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref><ref name="cia.gov">{{citation |title=The World FactBook – Canada |date=2022 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/canada/#people-and-society |work=[[The World Factbook]]}}</ref>

=== Provinces and territories ===
{{Main|Population of Canada by province and territory}}
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{{Excerpt|Population of Canada by province and territory|Population at last census|this=This table is}}

==== Population distribution ====
The vast majority of Canadians are positioned in a discontinuous band within approximately 300&nbsp;km of the southern border with the United States; the most populated province is Ontario, followed by Quebec and British Columbia.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=101&SR=1&S=3&O=D | title= Population data 2011 Census| author= Statistics Canada | author-link= Statistics Canada| year= 2011| access-date= 2012-05-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/phys01.htm?sdi=area | title= Land and freshwater area, by province and territory (2005) | author= Statistics Canada | author-link= Statistics Canada | year= 2005 | access-date= 2007-07-22 | url-status= dead | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070708110654/http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/phys01.htm?sdi=area | archive-date= 2007-07-08 }}</ref><ref name="StatCan2021">{{cite web |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000101 |title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] |date=February 9, 2022 |access-date=February 9, 2022 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209134802/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000101 |archive-date=2022-02-09 }}</ref>

==== Cities ====
{{main|List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population}}
{{Largest cities
| country = Canada
| stat_ref = [[Canada 2021 Census|2021 Census]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E|title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2021 and 2016 censuses|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|date=9 February 2022|access-date=2022-02-09}}</ref>
| list_by_pop = List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population
| div_name = Province
| city_1 = Toronto | div_1 = Ontario | pop_1 = 2,794,356
| city_2 = Montreal | div_2 = Quebec | pop_2 = 1,762,949
| city_3 = Calgary | div_3 = Alberta | pop_3 = 1,306,784
| city_4 = Ottawa | div_4 = Ontario | pop_4 = 1,017,449
| city_5 = Edmonton | div_5 = Alberta | pop_5 = 1,010,899
| city_6 = Winnipeg | div_6 = Manitoba| pop_6 = 749,607
| city_7 = Mississauga | div_7 = Ontario | pop_7 = 717,961
| city_8 = Vancouver | div_8 = British Columbia | pop_8 = 662,248
| city_9 = Brampton | div_9 = Ontario | pop_9 = 656,480
| city_10 = Hamilton, Ontario{{!}}Hamilton | div_10 = Ontario | pop_10 = 569,353
| city_11 = Surrey, British Columbia{{!}}Surrey | div_11 = British Columbia | pop_11 = 568,322
| city_12 = Quebec City | div_12 = Quebec | pop_12 = 549,459
| city_13 = Halifax, Nova Scotia{{!}}Halifax | div_13 = Nova Scotia | pop_13 = 439,819
| city_14 = Laval, Quebec{{!}}Laval | div_14 = Quebec | pop_14 = 438,366
| city_15 = London, Ontario{{!}}London | div_15 = Ontario | pop_15 = 422,324
| city_16 = Markham, Ontario{{!}}Markham | div_16 = Ontario | pop_16 = 338,503
| city_17 = Vaughan | div_17 = Ontario | pop_17 = 323,103
| city_18 = Gatineau | div_18 = Quebec | pop_18 = 291,041
| city_19 = Saskatoon | div_19 = Saskatchewan | pop_19 = 266,141
| city_20 = Kitchener, Ontario{{!}}Kitchener | div_20 = Ontario | pop_20 = 256,885
}}

==== Census metropolitan areas ====
{{main|List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada}}
{{Largest Metropolitan Areas of Canada}}{{Clear}}

=== Fertility rate ===
[[File:Total Fertility Rate of Canada from 1861 to 2016.svg|thumb|upright=1.3|350px|Total fertility rate of Canada from 1861 to 2016]]
The [[total fertility rate]] is the number of children born in a specific year cohort to the total number of women who can give birth in the country.

In 1971, the birth rate for the first time dipped below replacement<ref name="publications.gc.ca">{{citation |author=Jacques Henripin |title=Trends and Factors of Fertility in Canada |date=1972 |url=http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/statcan/CS99-541-1972-eng.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/statcan/CS99-541-1972-eng.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |pages=30, 33 |location=Ottawa |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{citation |title=Fertility: Fewer children, older moms |date=July 17, 2018 |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11-630-x/11-630-x2014002-eng.htm#a1 |website=[[Statistics Canada]]}}</ref> and since then has not rebounded.<ref name="publications.gc.ca" />

Canada's [[total fertility rate|fertility rate]] hit a record low of 1.4 children born per woman in 2020,<ref name="CIC News">{{cite web|url=https://www.cicnews.com/2023/02/why-birth-rates-are-low-in-canada-and-much-of-the-western-world-0232764.html#gs.qhxuy9|title=Why birth rates are low in Canada and much of the Western world|author=Vimal Sivakumar|date=8 February 2023|website=CIC News}}</ref> below the population replacement level, which stands at 2.1 births per woman. In 2020, Canada also experienced the country's lowest number of births in 15 years,<ref name="CIC News"/> also seeing the largest annual drop in childbirths (−3.6%) in a quarter of a century.<ref name="CIC News"/> The total birth rate is 10.17 births/1,000 population in 2022.<ref name="cia.gov" />
{{sticky header}} 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
! rowspan="30" |Total fertility rate
! colspan="10" |Years<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Roser |first=Max |date=2014-02-19 |title=Fertility Rate |url=https://ourworldindata.org/fertility-rate |journal=Our World in Data}}</ref>
|-
!1861
!1862
!1863
!1864
!1865
!1866
!1867
!1868
!1869
!1870
|-
|5.72
|5.63
|5.54
|5.44
|5.35
|5.26
|5.17
|5.07
|4.98
|4.89
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1871
!1872
!1873
!1874
!1875
!1876
!1877
!1878
!1879
!1880
|-
|4.83
|4.77
|4.75
|4.72
|4.7
|4.68
|4.65
|4.63
|4.6
|4.53
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1881
!1882
!1883
!1884
!1885
!1886
!1887
!1888
!1899
!1890
|-
|4.56
|4.52
|4.49
|4.45
|4.42
|4.38
|4.35
|4.31
|4.27
|4.24
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1891
!1892
!1893
!1894
!1895
!1896
!1897
!1898
!1899
!1900
|-
|4.2
|4.19
|4.17
|4.15
|4.13
|4.11
|4.1
|4.08
|4.06
|4.04
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1901
!1902
!1903
!1904
!1905
!1906
!1907
!1908
!1909
!1910
|-
|4.02
|4.03
|4.03
|4.03
|4.03
|4.04
|4.04
|4.04
|4.04
|4.05
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1911
!1912
!1913
!1914
!1915
!1916
!1917
!1918
!1919
!1920
|-
|4.05
|4
|3.95
|3.89
|3.84
|3.79
|3.74
|3.68
|3.63
|3.58
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1921
!1922
!1923
!1924
!1925
!1926
!1927
!1928
!1929
!1930
|-
|3.53
|3.4
|3.23
|3.22
|3.13
|3.35
|3.32
|3.29
|3.22
|3.28
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1931
!1932
!1933
!1934
!1935
!1936
!1937
!1938
!1939
!1940
|-
|3.19
|3.08
|2.86
|2.8
|2.75
|2.69
|2.64
|2.7
|2.65
|2.76
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1941
!1942
!1943
!1944
!1945
!1946
!1947
!1948
!1949
!1950
|-
|2.82
|2.96
|3.04
|3
|3.01
|3.37
|3.59
|3.44
|3.45
|3.45
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1961
!1971
!1981
!1991
!2001
!2006
!2011
!2016
!2021
!-
|-
|3.81
|2.11
|1.65
|1.67
|1.52
|1.6
|1.63
|1.58
|1.46
| –
|}

====Total fertility rates by provinces and territories====
{{sticky header}} 
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: left;"|-
|+ 2023<ref>[https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/71-607-x/71-607-x2022003-eng.htm Fertility indicators, provinces and territories: Interactive dashboard]</ref>
!Province/Territory
!TFR
|-
|{{flag|Nunavut}}||2.48
|-
|{{flag|Saskatchewan}}||1.63
|-
|{{flag|Manitoba}}||1.52
|-
|{{flag|Alberta}}||1.41
|-
|{{flag|Northwest Territories}}||1.39
|-
|{{flag|Quebec}}||1.38
|-
|'''{{flag|Canada}}'''||'''1.26'''
|-
|{{flag|New Brunswick}}||1.24
|-
|{{flag|Ontario}}||1.22
|-
|{{flag|Prince Edward Island}}||1.16
|-
|{{flag|Newfoundland and Labrador}}||1.08
|-
|{{flag|Nova Scotia}}||1.05
|-
|{{flag|Yukon}}||1.01
|-
|{{flag|British Columbia}}||1.00
|}

==== Mother's mean age at first birth ====
Canada is among late-childbearing countries, with the average age of mothers at the first birth being 31.3 years in 2020.<ref name="statcangc">{{cite web|url=https://www.statcan.gc.ca/o1/en/plus/960-fewer-babies-born-canadas-fertility-rate-hits-record-low-2020|title=Fewer babies born as Canada's fertility rate hits a record low in 2020|date=May 16, 2022|website=[[Statistics Canada]]}}</ref>
{{sticky header}} 
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="27" |Average age of childbirth at first birth<ref name=":1" />
! colspan="11" |Year
|-
|-
!1945
!1946
!1947
!1948
!1949
!1950
!1951
!1952
!1953
!1954
!1955
|-
|25.2
|25.1
|24.9
|24.7
|24.6
|24.5
|24.3
|24.2
|24.2
|24.1
|24.1
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1956
!1957
!1958
!1959
!1960
!1961
!1962
!1963
!1964
!1965
!1966
|-
|24
|23.9
|23.8
|23.7
|23.7
|23.6
|23.6
|23.6
|23.6
|23.5
|23.5
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1967
!1968
!1969
!1970
!1971
!1972
!1973
!1974
!1975
!1976
!1977
|-
|23.6
|23.6
|23.7
|23.7
|23.9
|24
|24.1
|24.3
|24.3
|24.4
|24.5
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1978
!1979
!1980
!1981
!1982
!1983
!1984
!1985
!1986
!1987
!1988
|-
|24.7
|24.8
|24.9
|25
|25.1
|25.3
|25.4
|25.5
|25.6
|25.7
|25.8
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!1989
!1990
!1991
!1992
!1993
!1994
!1995
!1996
!1997
!1998
!1999
|-
|25.8
|25.9
|25.9
|26.1
|26.3
|26.2
|26.3
|26.5
|26.7
|26.8
|27
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!2000
!2001
!2002
!2003
!2004
!2005
!2006
!2007
!2008
!2009
!2010
|-
|27.1
|27.3
|27.5
|27.8
|27.9
|28
|28
|28.1
|28.1
|28.2
|28.4
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!2011
| colspan="10" rowspan="3" |
|-
|28.5
|-
|
|}

=== Historical population ===
{{Historical populations
|title=Historical population (since Confederation)
|align=centre
|[[1871 Canadian census|1871]]|3689257
|[[1881 Canadian census|1881]]|4324810
|[[1891 Canadian census|1891]]|4833239
|[[1901 Canadian census|1901]]|5371315
|[[1911 Canadian census|1911]]|7206643
|[[1921 Canadian census|1921]]|8787949
|[[1931 Canadian census|1931]]|10374196
|[[1941 Canadian census|1941]]|11506655
|[[1951 Canadian census|1951]]|14009429
|[[1956 Canadian census|1956]]|16080791
|[[1961 Canadian census|1961]]|18238247
|[[1971 Canadian census|1971]]|21568311
|[[1976 Canadian census|1976]]|22992604
|[[1981 Canadian census|1981]]|24343181
|[[1986 Canadian census|1986]]|25309331
|[[1991 Canadian census|1991]]|27296859
|[[1996 Canadian census|1996]]|28846761
|[[2001 Canadian census|2001]]|30007094
|[[2006 Canadian census|2006]]|31612897
|[[2011 Canadian census|2011]]|33476688
|[[2016 Canadian census|2016]]|35151728
|[[2021 Canadian census|2021]]|36991981
}}{{Clear}}

=== Population projection ===
[[File:Can Provinces by Population Growth Rate.svg|left|thumb|Map of [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Canadian provinces and territories]] by population growth rate (2016–2021).{{legend|#f1ff69|< 4.0%}}{{legend|#dcc700| 4.0%–7.0%}}{{legend|#c29c00| 7.0%–10.0%}}{{legend|#a08100|> 10.0%}}{{legend|#ff8080ff|population decline}}]]
According to [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD)/[[World Bank]], the population in Canada increased from 1990 to 2008 with 5.6&nbsp;million and 20.4% growth in population, compared to 21.7% growth in the [[United States]] and 31.2% growth in [[Mexico]]. According to the OECD/World Bank population statistics, for the same period the [[world population]] growth was 27%, a total of 1,423&nbsp;million people.<ref name="IEApop2011">[http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012151137/http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS |date=2009-10-12 }} Population 1971–2008 ([http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106205757/http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf |date=2012-01-06 }} pages 83–85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010 page 57 {{cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925100340/http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS |archive-date=September 25, 2015 |access-date=2011-06-18 }}</ref> However, over the same period, the population of [[Demographics of France#Vital statistics from 1900|France]] grew by 8.0%. And from 1991 to 2011, the population of the [[Demographics of the United Kingdom#Population change over time|UK]] increased by 10.0%.

The current population growth rate for Canada in 2022 was 0.75%.<ref name="cia.gov" />
<div style="display:inline-grid;">
{{Historical populations
|title=Population projections – High-growth scenario (Statistics Canada)
|align=centre
|footnote=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/91-520-x/2010001/t303-eng.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/91-520-x/2010001/t303-eng.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Population Projections for Canada – Components of population growth, high-growth scenario – 2009/2010 to 2060/2061|publisher=Statistics Canada. Catalogue no. 91-520|date=2006|access-date=September 8, 2013}}</ref>
|2021|39110000
|2031|44430000
|2041|49900000
|2051|56070000
|2061|63000000
}}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-grid;">
{{Historical populations
|title=Canada population<br />projection, 2010 est.<br />([[United States Census Bureau|US Census Bureau]])
|align=centre
|footnote=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/informationGateway.php |title=International Programs – U.S. Census Bureau |publisher=Census.gov |access-date=2012-01-22}}</ref>
|2020|36387000
|2030|38565000
|2040|40070000
|2050|41136000
}}
</div>
<div style="display:inline-grid;">
{{Historical populations
|title=Immigration projections<br />projection, 2020 est.
|align=centre
|footnote=
|2020|341,000
|2021|401,000<ref name="cicnews1">{{cite web| url = https://www.cicnews.com/2020/10/canada-to-release-2021-2023-immigration-levels-plan-1016133.html#gs.od5qvg| title = Canada to target over 400,000 immigrants per year {{!}} Canada Immigration News| date = 30 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="immigration1">{{cite web| url = https://www.immigration.ca/canada-to-dramatically-increase-immigration-to-more-than-400000-per-year| title = Canada To Dramatically Increase Immigration to More Than 400,000 Per Year – Canada Immigration and Visa Information. Canadian Immigration Services and Free Online Evaluation.| date = 30 October 2020}}</ref>
|2022|411,000<ref name="cicnews1"/><ref name="immigration1"/>
|2023|421,000<ref name="cicnews1"/><ref name="immigration1"/>
}}
</div>

=== Life expectancy ===
Life expectancy in Canada has consistently risen since the country's formation. 
[[File:Life expectancy in Canada.svg|thumb|300px|[[Life expectancy]] in Canada since 1831]]
[[File:Life expectancy by WBG -Canada -diff.png|thumb|300px|Life expectancy in Canada since 1960 by gender]]

{{sticky header}} 
{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style=text-align:left;"
! rowspan="19" |Life expectancy
! colspan="10" |Year<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Life expectancy |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy?year=1810 |access-date=2018-08-28 |website=Our World in Data}}</ref>
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
|1831
|1841
|1851
|1861
|1871
|1881
|1891
|1901
| colspan="2" |1911
|-
|39.0
|40.3
|41.0
|41.6
|42.6
|44.7
|45.2
|48.6
| colspan="2" |52.5
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
|1921
|1922
|1923
|1924
|1925
|1926
|1927
|1928
| colspan="2" |1929
|-
|57.0
|57.0
|56.9
|58.8
|59.2
|57.2
|58.6
|58.4
| colspan="2" |57.9
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
|1930
|1931
|1932
|1933
|1934
|1935
|1936
|1937
|1938
|1939
|-
|58.9
|60.3
|61.4
|62.3
|62.7
|62.4
|62.7
|61.3
|63.3
|63.7
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|1940
|1941
|1942
|1943
|1944
|1945
|1946
|1947
|1948
|1949
|-
|64.0
|63.7
|64.6
|64.6
|65.3
|66.3
|66.5
|66.7
|67.3
|67.6
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|1950
|1950–55
|1955–60
|1960–65
|1965–70
|1970–75
|1975–80
|1980–85
| colspan="2" |1985–90
|-
|68.2
|69.1
|70.3
|71.3
|72.2
|73.0
|74.3
|75.9
|76.8
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| colspan="2" |
|-
|1990–95
|1995–2000
|2000–2005
|2005–2010
|2010–2015
|2015–2020
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" |
|-
|77.8
|78.6
|79.7
|80.8
|81.8
|83.7
|}
'''School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)'''
:total: 16 years
:male: 16 years
:female: 17 years (2016)
'''Infant mortality rate'''
:total: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births. Country comparison to the world: 180th
:male: 4.8 deaths/1,000 live births
:female: 4.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)
[[File:Population pyramid of Canada overtime from 1950 to 2020.gif|thumb|upright=1.3|350px|Population pyramid of Canada over time from 1950 to 2020]]

=== Age characteristics ===
{{Main|Aging in Canada}}
Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 10.V.2016) (To ensure confidentiality, the values, including totals are randomly rounded either up or down to a multiple of '5' or '10.' As a result, when these data are summed or grouped, the total value may not match the individual values since totals and sub-totals are independently rounded. Similarly, percentages, which are calculated on rounded data, may not necessarily add up to 100%.):<ref>{{cite web | url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2021/ | title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics }}</ref>
{{sticky header}} 
{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style=text-align:left;"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 17 264 200
| align="right" | 17 887 530 
| align="right" | 35 151 730
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 973 030
| align="right" | 925 760
| align="right" | 1 898 790
| align="right" | 5.40
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 1 034 685 
| align="right" | 983 445
| align="right" | 2 018 130
| align="right" | 5.74
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 985 200
| align="right" | 937 445
| align="right" | 1 922 645
| align="right" | 5.47
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 1 039 215
| align="right" | 986 940 
| align="right" | 2 026 160
| align="right" | 5.76
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 1 144 495
| align="right" | 1 098 200
| align="right" | 2 242 695 
| align="right" | 6.38
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 1 144 475
| align="right" | 1 141 515
| align="right" | 2 285 990
| align="right" | 6.50
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 1 148 290
| align="right" | 1 181 105
| align="right" | 2 329 400
| align="right" | 6.63
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 1 118 635
| align="right" | 1 169 730
| align="right" | 2 288 365
| align="right" | 6.51
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 1 104 445
| align="right" | 1 150 690
| align="right" | 2 255 135
| align="right" | 6.42
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 1 157 755
| align="right" | 1 202 205
| align="right" | 2 359 965
| align="right" | 6.71
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 1 318 755
| align="right" | 1 359 320
| align="right" | 2 678 070
| align="right" | 7.62
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 1 285 190
| align="right" | 1 335 050
| align="right" | 2 620 240
| align="right" | 7.45
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 1 114 880
| align="right" | 1 175 630
| align="right" | 2 290 510
| align="right" | 6.52
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 953 070
| align="right" | 1 019 405 
| align="right" | 1 972 475
| align="right" | 5.61
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 677 975
| align="right" | 742 900
| align="right" | 1 420 875
| align="right" | 4.04
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 469 550
| align="right" | 552 305
| align="right" | 1 021 850
| align="right" | 2.91
|-
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 325 760
| align="right" | 423 885
| align="right" | 749 645
| align="right" | 2.13
|-
| align="right" | 85–89
| align="right" | 185 535
| align="right" | 296 985
| align="right" | 482 525
| align="right" | 1.37
|-
| align="right" | 90–94
| align="right" | 68 675 
| align="right" | 154 835
| align="right" | 223 505
| align="right" | 0.64
|-
| align="right" | 95–99
| align="right" | 13 245
| align="right" | 43 280
| align="right" | 56 525 
| align="right" | 0.16
|-
| align="right" | 100+
| align="right" | 1 340
| align="right" | 6 895
| align="right" | 8 230
| align="right" | 0.02
|-
! width="50"|Age group 
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 2 992 915
| align="right" | 2 846 650
| align="right" | 5 839 565
| align="right" | 16.61
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 11 576 135
| align="right" | 11 800 390
| align="right" | 23 376 525
| align="right" | 66.50
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 2 695 150
| align="right" | 3 240 490
| align="right" | 5 935 640
| align="right" | 16.89
|-
|}

'''Age structure<ref name="cia.gov" />'''
:0–14 years: 15.99% (male 3,094,008/female 2,931,953)
:15–24 years: 11.14% (male 2,167,013/female 2,032,064)
:25–54 years: 39.81% (male 7,527,554/female 7,478,737)
:55–64 years: 14.08% (male 2,624,474/female 2,682,858)
:65 years and over: 18.98% (male 3,274,298/female 3,881,126) (2020 est.)
'''Median age'''
:total: 41.8 years. Country comparison to the world: [[List of countries by median age|40th]]
:male: 40.6 years
:female: 42.9 years (2020 est.)
:'''Median age in 2011'''
:total: 40.6 years
:male: 39.6 years
:female: 41.5 years (2011)
:
:'''Median age by province and territory in 2011<ref>{{cite web |author=Statistics Canada |author-link=Statistics Canada |year=2011 |title=Population by broad age groups and sex, including median age, 1921 to 2011 for both sex (2011 Census) |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/as-sa/Pages/highlight.cfm?TabID=1&Lang=E&PRCode=13&Asc=0&OrderBy=1&Sex=1&View=1&tableID=22 |access-date=2012-05-29}}</ref>'''
:# [[Newfoundland and Labrador]]: 44.0
:# [[Nova Scotia]]: 43.7
:# [[New Brunswick]]: 43.7
:# [[Prince Edward Island]]: 42.8
:# [[Quebec]]: 41.9
:# [[British Columbia]]: 41.9
:# [[Ontario]]: 40.4
:# [[Yukon]]: 39.1
:# [[Manitoba]]: 38.4
:# [[Saskatchewan]]: 38.2
:# [[Alberta]]: 36.5
:# [[Northwest Territories]]: 32.3
:# [[Nunavut]]: 24.1

=== Sex ratio ===
'''at birth:''' 1.05 male(s)/female

'''0–14 years:''' 1.06 male(s)/female

'''15–24 years:''' 1.06 male(s)/female

'''25–54 years:''' 1.01 male(s)/female

'''55–64 years:''' 0.98 male(s)/female

'''65 years and over:''' 0.75 male(s)/female

'''total population:''' 0.98 male(s)/female (2022 est).

[[Dependency ratio]]s
:total dependency ratio: 47.3
:youth dependency ratio: 23.5
:elderly dependency ratio: 23.8
:[[potential support ratio]]: 4.2 (2015 est.)