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===Pre-1600=== * [[220]] – [[Emperor Xian of Han]] is forced to abdicate the throne by [[Cao Cao]]'s son [[Cao Pi]], [[End of the Han dynasty|ending the Han dynasty]].<ref>{{cite book|last=De Crespigny|first=Rage|title=A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23-220 AD)|location=Leiden, Netherlands|publisher=Brill|date=2007|isbn=9789004156050|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=49OvCQAAQBAJ|pages=ix, 555}}</ref> * [[361]] – [[Julian (emperor)|Julian]] enters [[Constantinople]] as sole [[Roman emperor|Roman Emperor]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Greenwood|first=David Neal|title=Julian and Christianity: Revisiting the Constantinian Revolution|location=Ithaca, N.Y.|publisher=Cornell University Press|date=2021|isbn=9781501755477|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ze78DwAAQBAJ|page=37}}</ref> * [[861]] – Assassination of the [[Abbasid]] caliph [[al-Mutawakkil]] by the Turkish guard, who raise [[al-Muntasir]] to the throne, start of the "[[Anarchy at Samarra]]".<ref>{{cite book|last=Mottahedeh|first=Roy|chapter=The 'Abbāsid Caliphate in Iran|title=The Cambridge History of Iran. Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs|editor-last=Frye|editor-first=R.N.|location=Cambridge, U.K.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=1975|isbn=9780521069359|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hvx9jq_2L3EC|pages=77–78}}</ref> * [[969]] – [[Byzantine Emperor]] [[Nikephoros II Phokas]] is assassinated by his wife [[Theophano (born Anastaso)|Theophano]] and her lover, the later Emperor [[John I Tzimiskes]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Sullivan|first=Denis F.|chapter=Nikephoros II Phokas|title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology. Volume 3: Mercenaries—Zürich, Siege of|editor-last=Rogers|editor-first=Clifford J.|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2010|isbn=9780195334036|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzwpq6bLHhMC|page=60}}</ref> *[[1041]] – [[Michael V Kalaphates|Michael V]], adoptive son of Empress [[Zoë Porphyrogenita|Zoë of Byzantium]], is proclaimed emperor of the [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern Roman Empire]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Skylitzes|first=John|translator-last=Wortley|translator-first=John|title=John Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811-1057|location=Cambridge, UK|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=2010|isbn=9781107404748|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vGE8Xq832A0C|page=391, fn. 4}}</ref> *[[1239]] – [[Treaty of Benavente]]: the heiresses of the [[Kingdom of León]] renounce their throne to King [[Ferdinand III of Castile]]<ref>H. Salvador Martínez, ''Alfonso X, the Learned: A Biography'' (Brill, 2010), p. 32.</ref> *[[1282]] – [[Battle of Orewin Bridge]]: [[Llywelyn ap Gruffudd]], the last native [[Prince of Wales]], is killed at [[Cilmeri]] near [[Builth Wells]] in [[Mid Wales|mid-Wales]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Smith|first=J. Beverley|title=Llywelyn ap Gruffudd: Prince of Wales|location=Cardiff|publisher=University of Wales Press|date=2014|isbn=9781783160068|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yl6uBwAAQBAJ|pages=561–567}}</ref>
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