Editing Decatur County, Kansas (section)

===19th century===
In 1854, the [[Kansas Territory]] was organized, then in 1861 [[Kansas]] became the 34th [[U.S. state]].

Decatur County was established by an act of the state legislature on 1873-03-20,{{sfn|Blackmar|1912a|p=498}} which defined the original borders of the county as: {{blockquote|Commencing where the east line of range 26 west, intersects the fortieth degree of north latitude; thence south, with the range line, to the first standard parallel; thence west with said parallel to the east line of range 31 west; thence north with said range line to the fortieth degree of north latitude; thence east with said parallel to the place of beginning.{{sfn|Blackmar|1912a|p=498}}|}}
The county had been surveyed the previous year, and its first settlers had been arriving since then.{{sfn|Blackmar|1912a|p=498}}

Independent county government was established on 1879-12-11, by proclamation of Governor [[John Martin (Governor of Kansas)|John A. Martin]] in response to a petition.{{sfn|Blackmar|1912a|p=498}}
Martin originally proclaimed Oberlin as the county seat, as an initial temporary arrangement.{{sfn|Blackmar|1912a|p=498}}
It was chosen as the permanent seat by an election on 1880-02-03.{{sfn|Blackmar|1912a|p=498}}

The county is named for the Navy war hero Commodore [[Stephen Decatur|Stephen Decatur, Jr.]],{{sfn|Blackmar|1912a|p=498}}<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9V1IAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA102 | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | pages=102}}</ref> who served during the [[First Barbary War]] and the [[Second Barbary War]] and the [[War of 1812]].

In 1878, the [[Sappa Creek]] valley in Decatur county was the scene of the last raid by [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] (Indians) in Kansas. In the [[Northern Cheyenne Exodus]] after the [[Battle of Punished Woman's Fork]], a band of [[Cheyenne]] needing horses and provisions raged through the valley, killing more than 30 civilians and raping several woman. Several Cheyenne elderly, women, and children were also killed in the region by soldiers and civilians.<ref name="Leiker and Powers">{{cite book |last1=Leiker |first1=James N. |last2=Powers |first2=Ramon |title=The Northern Cheyenne Exodus in History and Memory |date=2011 |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |location=Norman |isbn=9780806142210 |pages=59–67}}</ref> In Oberlin, the Decatur County Last Indian Raid Museum commemorates the Cheyenne raid.<ref name="Decatur County">{{cite web |title=Decatur County Last Indian Raid Museum |url=https://www.dclirm.com/ |website=Decatur County |access-date=July 10, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.legendsofkansas.com/cheyenneraid.html|title=Cheyenne Raid in Kansas|last=Weiser|first=Kathy|date=March 2012|website=Legendsofkansas.com|access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref>

The county's first newspaper was the ''Oberlin Herald'', established on 1879-06-12 by Humphrey & Counter.{{sfn|Blackmar|1912a|p=500}}
Later Oberlin newspapers included the ''Oberlin Eye'' and the ''Oberlin Opinion''.{{sfn|Sims|Wheeler|1887|p=177}}
The ''Norcatur Register'' was published in Norcatur,{{sfn|Sims|Wheeler|1887|p=177}} and there were two more newspapers in Dresden and Jennings as of 1909.{{sfn|Blackmar|1912a|p=500}}