Editing Death of Carlo Giuliani (section)

== Investigations ==
In the case against Carabiniere Mario Placanica,  evidence was given by a ballistics expert that the fatal bullet had "ricocheted off plaster".<ref name= guardian/> All charges against Mario Placanica were dropped when Judge Daloiso, who presided over the case, concluded that the fatal bullet that struck Giuliani was not directly aimed at Giuliani,<ref name= guardian>{{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/international/story/0,,1012910,00.html |title= Genova officer in 'suspicious' car crash |author= John Hooper |date= 2003-08-06 |accessdate= 2008-02-04 |location=London |work=The Guardian}}</ref> and ruled that Placanica had acted in self-defense. The case was not taken to trial.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3002469.stm |title= Genoa protester case dismissed |date= 2003-05-05 |accessdate= 2008-02-04  | work=BBC News}}</ref>

However, during a later trial in Genoa of some demonstrators allegedly involved in clashes the same day Giuliani was killed, the same forensic doctor, professor Marco Salvi, who had been a consultant to Silvio Franz, the prosecutor who led the case against Mario Placanica, testified that Giuliani had been the victim of a "direct hit", thus contradicting the evidence previously given and laying doubt on the decision made based on the alleged change of direction of the bullet. Medics tending to Giuliani after he was run over testified that his heart was still beating,<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web |url=http://www.piazzacarlogiuliani.org/carlo/iter/piazzalimonda_eng/index.htm |title=Carlo Giuliani |publisher=Piazzacarlogiuliani.org |accessdate=2015-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150301022221/http://www.piazzacarlogiuliani.org/carlo/iter/piazzalimonda_eng/index.htm |archive-date=2015-03-01 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> and this was confirmed by professor Salvi during the trial in Genoa. To confuse the situation further, in late 2003 Placanica told the [[Bologna]] daily ''[[Il Resto Del Carlino]]'' that "I've been used to cover up the responsibility of others." He claimed that the bullet found in Giuliani's body was not of the caliber or type fired by the pistols of the Carabinieri, and claimed the deadly shot had come from somewhere in the [[piazza]] outside.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ilrestodelcarlino.quotidiano.net/art/2006/12/02/5449677 |title=La verita di Placanica: "Il colpo è partito dalla polizia in piazza" |date=2006-12-02 |accessdate=2008-02-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121205119/http://ilrestodelcarlino.quotidiano.net/art/2006/12/02/5449677 |archivedate=2008-11-21 |language=it |url-status=dead }}</ref>
After making this statement, Placanica was involved in a car accident that his lawyer claimed was "very suspicious."<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Hooper |first1=John |title=Genoa officer in 'suspicious' car crash |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=2003-08-05 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/aug/06/globalisation.italy |issn=0261-3077 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Placanica was allegedly kept in seclusion following the incident, and his parents were not allowed to visit him in the hospital.<ref name=autogenerated1 />

On August 25, 2009, the [[European Court of Human Rights]] notified in writing its judgement in the case of ''Giuliani and Gaggio vs. Italy''. It ruled that no excessive force was used and it was not established that Italian authorities had failed to comply with their positive obligations to protect Carlo Giuliani's life. However, the Court also ruled that Italy had not complied with its procedural obligations in connection with the death of Carlo Giuliani and awarded a total of €{{formatnum:40000}} in non-pecuniary damages to the three applicants.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cmiskp.echr.coe.int/tkp197/view.asp?action=html&documentId=853412&portal=hbkm&source=externalbydocnumber&table=F69A27FD8FB86142BF01C1166DEA398649 |title=HUDOC Search Page |publisher=Cmiskp.echr.coe.int |date= |accessdate=2015-04-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chamber Judgement: Giuliani and Gaggio v. Italy |work=[[European Court of Human Rights]] |url=https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng-press?i=003-2838154-3108132 |access-date=2018-07-19 |date=2009-08-25}}</ref> In 2010, the case was referred to the Court's Grand Chamber on appeals from both sides;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cmiskp.echr.coe.int/tkp197/view.asp?action=html&documentId=863761&portal=hbkm&source=externalbydocnumber&table=F69A27FD8FB86142BF01C1166DEA398649 |title=HUDOC Search Page |publisher=Cmiskp.echr.coe.int |date= |accessdate=2015-04-23}}</ref> the Grand Chamber has held in 2011, that there had been no violation of the European Convention, although seven judges from seventeen dissented.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cmiskp.echr.coe.int/tkp197/view.asp?action=html&documentId=883450&portal=hbkm&source=externalbydocnumber&table=F69A27FD8FB86142BF01C1166DEA398649 |title=HUDOC Search Page |publisher=Cmiskp.echr.coe.int |date= |accessdate=2015-04-23}}</ref>