Editing Dartmouth, Massachusetts (section)

==History==
=== Early colonial history ===
Before the 17th century, the lands that now constitute Dartmouth had been inhabited by the [[Wampanoag people|Wampanoag]] Native Americans, who were part of the [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian language]] family and had settlements throughout southeastern Massachusetts and Rhode Island, including [[Martha's Vineyard]] and [[Nantucket, Massachusetts|Nantucket]]. Their population is believed to have been about 12,000.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=February 3, 2020 |title=The Old Dartmouth Purchase {{!}} New Bedford Whaling Museum |url=https://www.whalingmuseum.org/explore/exhibitions/harboring-hope-in-old-dartmouth/old-dartmouth-purchase |access-date=June 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203160505/https://www.whalingmuseum.org/explore/exhibitions/harboring-hope-in-old-dartmouth/old-dartmouth-purchase |archive-date=February 3, 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 12, 2021 |title=Evolution of Old Dartmouth - New Bedford Whaling Museum |url=https://www.whalingmuseum.org/learn/research-topics/regional-history/evolution-of-old-dartmouth/ |access-date=August 21, 2021 |website=www.whalingmuseum.org |language=en-US}}</ref>

The [[Wampanoag]] inhabited the area for up to a thousand years before European colonization, and their ancestors had been there longer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barboza |first=Robert |title=Genealogist brings 'missing' Wampanoag history in Westport, Dartmouth to forefront |url=https://www.southcoasttoday.com/special/20180116/genealogist-brings-missing-wampanoag-history-in-westport-dartmouth-to-forefront |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729024952/https://www.southcoasttoday.com/special/20180116/genealogist-brings-missing-wampanoag-history-in-westport-dartmouth-to-forefront |archive-date=29 July 2020 |website=[[The Standard-Times (New Bedford)|southcoasttoday.com]] |location=New Bedford |access-date=2 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> In [[John Winthrop]]'s (1587–1649) journal, he wrote the name of Dartmouth's indigenous tribes as being the Nukkehkammes.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Glennon |first=Beverly |title=Dartmouth: The Early History of a Massachusetts Coastal Town |publisher=American Printing |date=October 2001 |isbn=978-0971459106 |location=New Bedford, MA |pages=49 |language=EN}}</ref> The English explorer [[Bartholomew Gosnold]] in the ship ''Concord'' landed on [[Cuttyhunk Island]] on May 15, 1602, and explored the area before leaving and eventually settling in the [[Jamestown Colony]] of [[Virginia]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Museum |first=New Bedford Whaling |title=Exploration & "Discovery" |url=https://www.whalingmuseum.org/explore/exhibitions/harboring-hope-in-old-dartmouth/exploration-discovery |access-date=January 5, 2020 |website=New Bedford Whaling Museum |language=en |archive-date=July 29, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729035255/https://www.whalingmuseum.org/explore/exhibitions/harboring-hope-in-old-dartmouth/exploration-discovery |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gosnolds explorations of the area took him to [[Round Hill (Dartmouth, Massachusetts)|Round Hill]], which he named Hap's Hill. Additionally he described the territories of Dartmouth as being covered in fields with flowers, [[beech]] and cedar groves. He picked wild strawberries, and noticed deer. He also saw the [[Apponagansett River]] which runs through Padanaram Harbor, and the [[Acushnet River]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Comiskey |first=Kathleen Ryan |title=Secrets of Old Dartmouth |publisher=Reynolds-DeWalt |year=1976 |edition=Revised |location=New Bedford, Massachusetts |pages=23–25}}</ref>

Settled sparsely by the natives, with the arrival of the pilgrims in Plymouth, the region gradually began to become of interest to the colonists, until a meeting was held to officially purchase the land.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=A Brief History {{!}} Dartmouth, MA |url=https://www.town.dartmouth.ma.us/357/A-Brief-History |access-date=April 29, 2023 |website=www.town.dartmouth.ma.us}}</ref>

=== Old Dartmouth ===
{{Main|Old Dartmouth}}
[[File:A_Deed_Appointed_to_be_Recorded_(Dartmouth_Purchase)_1652.pdf|thumb|Purchase deed from November 29, 1652, for Old Dartmouth.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Deed Appointed to be Recorded. |url=https://www.gilderlehrman.org/collection/glc02924002 |access-date=August 22, 2021 |publisher=Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History}}</ref>]]
[[File:Wôpanâak_Nation_c_1620-01.svg|thumb|Territories of the [[Wampanoag]] people around 1620, between the first European explorations of the Acushnet River in 1602 and the establishment of Old Dartmouth in 1652.]]

On March 7, 1652, English colonists met with the native tribe and purchased [[Old Dartmouth]]—a region of {{convert|115,000|acres|km2}} that now contains the modern cities and towns of Dartmouth, [[Acushnet, Massachusetts|Acushnet]], [[New Bedford, Massachusetts|New Bedford]], [[Fairhaven, Massachusetts|Fairhaven]], and [[Westport, Massachusetts|Westport]]—in a treaty between the Wampanoag—represented by Chief Ousamequin '''('''[[Massasoit]]) and his son [[Wamsutta]]—and high-ranking "Purchasers" and "Old Comers" from [[Plymouth Colony]]: [[John Winslow (1597–1674)|John Winslow]], [[William Bradford (governor)|William Bradford]], [[Myles Standish]], Thomas Southworth, and John Cooke.<ref name="gilderlehrman.org">{{Cite web |title=A Deed Appointed to be Recorded. {{!}} Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History |url=https://www.gilderlehrman.org/collection/glc02924002 |access-date=August 22, 2021 |website=www.gilderlehrman.org}}</ref><ref name=":9" /> John Cooke had come to America as a passenger on the [[Mayflower]], a [[Baptists|Baptist]] Minister, he was forced to leave Plymouth due to religious views that differed from the rest of the Plymouth Colony. He would settle in Old Dartmouth.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Comiskey |first=Kathleen Ryan |title=Secrets of Old Dartmouth |publisher=Reynolds-DeWalt |year=1976 |edition=Revised |location=New Bedford, Massachusetts |pages=31}}</ref>

<blockquote>30 yards of cloth, eight moose skins, fifteen axes, fifteen hoes, fifteen pair of breeches, eight blankets, two kettles, one cloak, £2 in wampum, eight pair of stockings, eight pair shoes, one iron pot and 10 shillings in another commoditie [sic].<ref>[[Nathaniel Philbrick|Philbrick, Nathaniel]]. ''[[Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War|Mayflower]]''. Penguin, 2006. p.171 {{ISBN|978-0-14-311197-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-03 |title=The Old Dartmouth Purchase|website=New Bedford Whaling Museum |url=https://www.whalingmuseum.org/explore/exhibitions/harboring-hope-in-old-dartmouth/old-dartmouth-purchase |access-date=2022-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203160505/https://www.whalingmuseum.org/explore/exhibitions/harboring-hope-in-old-dartmouth/old-dartmouth-purchase |archive-date=2020-02-03 }}</ref><ref name="town.dartmouth.ma.us">{{Cite web |title=A Brief History |url=https://www.town.dartmouth.ma.us/about-our-town/pages/brief-history |access-date=2020-01-05 |publisher=Town of Dartmouth MA}}</ref></blockquote>

While the Europeans considered themselves full owners of the land through the transaction, the Wampanoag have disputed this claim because the concept of exclusive [[land ownership]]—in contrast with hunting, fishing, and farming rights—was a foreign concept to them.<ref name=":422">{{Cite web |date=March 12, 2021 |title=Evolution of Old Dartmouth |url=https://www.whalingmuseum.org/learn/research-topics/regional-history/evolution-of-old-dartmouth/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821032344/https://www.whalingmuseum.org/learn/research-topics/regional-history/evolution-of-old-dartmouth/ |archive-date=August 21, 2021 |access-date=August 21, 2021 |publisher=New Bedford Whaling Museum |language=en-US}}</ref> According to the European interpretation of the deed, in one year, all Natives previously living on the land would have to leave. This led to a lengthy land dispute as the deed did not define boundary lines, and merely referred to the ceded land as, "that land called Dartmouth"<ref name=":1" /> and the younger son of [[Massasoit]], [[Metacomet]], began to question the boundary lines of the purchase. [[Metacomet]] stated that he had not been consulted about the sale, and he had not given his written permission. The situation culminated with new boundaries drawn up by referees. Chief Massasoit gave his final permission to the changes in 1665.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Glennon |first=Beverly |title=Dartmouth: The Early History of a Massachusetts Coastal Town |publisher=American Printing |date=October 2001 |isbn=978-0971459106 |location=New Bedford, MA |pages=86–87 |language=en}}</ref>

About six months after the official purchase, Dartmouth began to be settled by English immigrants around November 1652, and it was officially incorporated in 1664.<ref name="town.dartmouth.ma.us" /> While the Europeans considered themselves full owners of the land through the transaction, the Wampanoag disputed this claim because the concept of [[land ownership]]—in contrast with hunting, fishing, and farming rights—was a foreign concept to them.<ref name=":9" />

The town was purchased by 34 people from the Plymouth Colony, but most of the purchasers never lived in Dartmouth. Only ten families came to reside in Dartmouth. Those ten families were the Cooks, Delanos, Francis', Hicks', Howlands, Jennys, Kemptons, Mortons, Samsons, and Soules.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Comiskey |first=Kathleen Ryan |title=Secrets of Old Dartmouth |publisher=Reynolds-DeWalt |year=1976 |edition=Revised |location=New Bedford, Massachusetts |pages=35}}</ref>

=== Quakers ===
[[File:DartmouthMA ApponegansettMeetingHouse.jpg|thumb|The [[Apponegansett Meeting House]], built in 1791, is the oldest Quaker meeting house in southeastern Massachusetts. The site had been used by the Quaker community since at least 1699.]]

Members of the [[Quakers|Religious Society of Friends]], also known as [[Quakers]], were among the early European settlers on the [[South Coast (Massachusetts)|South Coast]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Wittenberg |first=Ariel |title=The story of Dartmouth's first settlers: The Quakers |url=https://www.southcoasttoday.com/article/20140602/NEWS/140609959 |access-date=February 3, 2020 |website=southcoasttoday.com |language=en}}</ref> They had faced persecution in the [[Puritans|Puritan]] communities of [[Plymouth Colony]] and [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]]; the latter banned the Quakers in 1656–1657.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Lukesh |first=Susan Snow |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4X_bCwAAQBAJ&q=Plymouth_Colony_and_Massachusetts_Bay_quaker_dartmouth_1652&pg=PA31 |title=Frozen in Time: An Early Carte de Visite Album from New Bedford, Massachusetts |date=February 15, 2016 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4834-3920-4 |language=en}}</ref> When the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] annexed the Plymouth Colony in 1691, Quakers already represented a majority of the population of Old Dartmouth.<ref name=":6" /> In 1699, with the support of [[Peleg Slocum]], the Quakers built their first [[meeting house]] in Old Dartmouth, where the [[Apponegansett Meeting House]] is now located.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Ricketson, Daniel |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1263627689 |title=The history of New Bedford, Bristol County, Massachusetts including a history of the old township of Dartmouth and the present townships of Westport, Dartmouth, and Fairhaven, from their settlement to the present time |date=1858 |publisher=D. Ricketson |oclc=1263627689}}</ref><ref name=":5" />

At first, the Old Dartmouth territory was devoid of major town centers, and instead had isolated farms and small, decentralized villages, such as [[Russells Mills Village Historic District|Russells' Mills]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Old Dartmouth Purchase |url=https://www.whalingmuseum.org/explore/exhibitions/harboring-hope-in-old-dartmouth/old-dartmouth-purchase |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203160505/https://www.whalingmuseum.org/explore/exhibitions/harboring-hope-in-old-dartmouth/old-dartmouth-purchase |archive-date=February 3, 2020 |access-date=February 3, 2020 |website=New Bedford Whaling Museum |language=en}}</ref> One reason for this is that the inhabitants enjoyed their independence from the Plymouth Colony and they did not want to have a large enough population for the Plymouth court to appoint them a minister.<ref name=":6" /> There are still Quaker meeting houses in Dartmouth, including the Smith Neck Meeting House, the Allens Neck Meeting House, and the [[Apponegansett Meeting House]], which is on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].

=== King Philip's War ===
[[File:Russell Garrison in Padanaram 01.jpg|thumb|English colonists residing in Old Dartmouth garrisoned at [[Russell Garrison]] in June 1675 fearing an attack from the [[Pokanoket people|Pokanoket]] in King Philip's War.]]{{Main|King Philip's War}}
The rising European population and increasing demand for land led the colonists' relationship with the indigenous inhabitants of New England to deteriorate. European encroachment and disregard for the terms of the Old Dartmouth Purchase led to [[King Philip's War]] in 1675.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last1=Arato |first1=Christine A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sypwQ2nRv4cC&pg=PA2 |title=Safety Moored at Last: History, existing conditions, analysis, preliminary preservation issues |last2=Eleey |first2=Patrick L. |date=1998 |publisher=National Park Service |isbn=978-0-912627-66-3 |language=en}}</ref> In this conflict, [[Wampanoag]] tribesmen, allied with the [[Narragansett people|Narragansett]] and the [[Nipmuc]], raided Old Dartmouth and other European settlements in the area.<ref name=":3" /> Europeans in Old Dartmouth garrisoned in sturdier homes—John Russell's garrison in [[Padanaram, Massachusetts|Padanaram]], John Cooke's home in [[Fairhaven, Massachusetts|Fairhaven]], and a third garrison on [[Palmer Island Light|Palmer Island]].<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Conflict - Irreconcilable Differences |url=https://www.whalingmuseum.org/explore/exhibitions/harboring-hope-in-old-dartmouth/conflict |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203160929/https://www.whalingmuseum.org/explore/exhibitions/harboring-hope-in-old-dartmouth/conflict |archive-date=February 3, 2020 |access-date=February 3, 2020 |website=New Bedford Whaling Museum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Staff Writer |title=1675: When Dartmouth was at War |url=https://www.southcoasttoday.com/story/news/local/chronicle/2012/01/04/1675-when-dartmouth-was-at/49779235007/ |access-date=November 5, 2022 |website=New Bedford Standard-Times |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Revolutionary War ===
One of the minutemen signalled by [[Paul Revere]] spread the alarm of the approaching British forces into Dartmouth, after moving through [[Acushnet, Massachusetts|Acushnet]], [[Fairhaven, Massachusetts|Fairhaven]], and Bedford Village. Three companies of Dartmouth [[Minutemen]] were marched out of the town on April 21, 1775, by Captain Thomas Kempton to a military camp in Roxbury, joining 20,000 other soldiers. Prior to the [[American Revolutionary War|war]] Kempton had been a whaler in [[New Bedford, Massachusetts|New Bedford]]. The additional two Dartmouth companies were led by Captain's Dillingham and Egery. The last Dartmouth town meeting called in the name of [[George III]] occurred in February 1776. Also in 1776, and again in 1779, Dartmouth voters where called upon to sit on the Committee of Correspondence, Safety and Inspection, with the job of looking for individuals performing treasonous acts—and to report them to the War Council. Dartmouth had two companies of soldiers in the 18th Regiment of the Bunker Hill Army. No Dartmouth troops were ever again ordered north following March 17, 1776.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Glennon |first=Beverly |title=Dartmouth: The Early History of a Massachusetts Coastal Town |publisher=American Printing |date=October 2001 |isbn=978-0971459106 |location=New Bedford, MA |pages=181–186 |language=EN}}</ref>

In 1778 the village of Padanaram was raided by British troops as part of [[Grey's raid]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Barboza |first=Robert |title=Patriots of Old Dartmouth |publisher=Vineyard Sound Books |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-9825075-6-8}}</ref> The village was then known as Akin's Landing, and following Elihu Akin driving three [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalists]] out of the village in September 1778, British raiding parties burned down most of the village, focusing on Akin's properties. The raiders targeted Akin specifically because he had expelled the Loyalists from Dartmouth.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Medeiros |first=Peggi |title=Akin House: The Elihu Akin House Narrative |url=https://docs.rwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1043&context=baker_documentation |website=Roger Williams University}}</ref> They forced Akin to move to his only remaining property, a small home on Potters Hill—the [[Elihu Akin House|Elihu Akin house.]] Elihu never financially recovered from the attack and died poor, he lived at the house until he died in 1794.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web |title=Guest views: Preserving Dartmouth's 1762 Elihu Akin House |url=https://www.southcoasttoday.com/story/news/local/chronicle/2015/03/06/guest-views-preserving-dartmouth-s/35052428007/ |access-date=June 18, 2023 |website=New Bedford Standard-Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":52">{{Cite web |title=Akin House |url=https://rwu.shorthandstories.com/baker-akin/ |access-date=June 20, 2023 |website=rwu.shorthandstories.com |language=en}}</ref> Fixing the damage to the town from the raid cost £105,960 in 1778. Which is roughly equivalent to nine million dollars in today's money.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=Kate |date=October 23, 2020 |title=Dartmouth during the American Revolution |url=https://dartmouth.theweektoday.com/article/dartmouth-during-american-revolution/50249 |access-date=June 18, 2023 |website=Dartmouth the Week Today |language=en}}</ref> In honor of Elihu, and to commemorate his earlier shipbuilding, the village of Padanaram was called Akin's Wharf for 20 years after the war.<ref name=":7" />

In 1793 [[Davolls General Store]] was established in the Russells Mills area.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sousa |first=Ron |title=Russells Mills Village Historic Tours |url=https://dartmouthrotary.com/stories/russells-mills-village-historic-tours}}</ref>

=== Civil War ===
==== Prewar years ====
[[File:Ann Alexander of New Bedford.png|thumb|The ship [[Ann Alexander (ship)|''Ann Alexander'']], built at [[Russells Mills Village Historic District|Russells Mills Village]] in 1805, was rammed and sunk by a [[sperm whale]] bull in 1851.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sawtell |first=Clement Cleveland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LwgaAAAAIAAJ |title=The Ship Ann Alexander of New Bedford: 1805-1851 |date=1962 |publisher=Marine Historical Association |language=en}}</ref>]]

In the years before the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], in the early 1840s, Dartmouth launched a whaling vessel owned by Sanford and Sherman, had a bowling Alley burn down, as well as hosting an Abstinence rally with some shops refusing to sell [[Rum]] and cider. In 1855, the town was home to one [[cotton mill]], three [[salt works]], one factory that made [[railroad car]]s, sleighs, wagons, and coaches, two [[tanneries]], seven [[shoemakers]], and five shingle mills, as well as launching one ship. The town had an abundance of livestock, including over a thousand sheep and cows. 850 swine. 428 oxen. As well as 4102 acres of English hay, and 712 acres of [[Indian corn]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Glennon |first=Beverly |title=Three Hundred and Fifty-Five Men for the Union |publisher=Command Print Solutions |date=October 2004 |location=New Bedford, MA |pages=1–10 |language=EN}}</ref>

==== 1861 ====
The first town meeting in Dartmouth related to the Civil War was held on May 16, 1861, and contained a preamble about the towns stance on the war.<ref name=":2" />

{{Blockquote|text=The Government of the United States is now in a struggle for National existence, popular Liberty, the perpetuity of the Constitution, and the Supremacy of the Laws against the Myrmidous of Slavery and enimies [sic.] of popular Liberty, Therefore resolved that as patriots and friends of the Constitution the National Government and our righted institutions, we the people of Darmouth in Town Meeting assembled do recognize the full extent of the perilous position of our once happy but now beligerent [sic.] and distrac [sic.] country and also, the duty whiche [sic.] we owe to that Constitution and Flag under which we have lived in happiness and prosperity for more than Eighty Years And that we proffer unreservedly and with cheerfulness our aid and cooperation in defence of our liberties and National Flag.|title=Dartmouth Town Meeting Notes}}

At the onset of the Civil War, the first troops to be sent to [[Washington, D.C.]] in Massachusetts were called by telegram on April 15, 1861, by [[Henry Wilson|Senator Henry Wilson]]. The Dartmouth men enlisted in the first call to arms were enlisted in the 18th, 33rd, 38th, and 40th [[regiment]]s.

==== 1862 ====
According to the [[New Bedford Republican Standard]], on September 4, 1862, Dartmouth fulfilled its part in the quota sent from [[Washington, D.C.]] Which called for 20 companies, three full regiments, and four regiments of militia to be brought from Massachusetts. The fighting force was meant to be made up of the strongest companies in the state. Dartmouth had eight men in the 18th Regiment, twelve men in the 38th Regiment, and one in both the 33rd and 40th.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Glennon |first=Beverly |title=Three Hundred and Fifty-Five Men for the Union |publisher=Command Print Solutions |date=October 2004 |location=New Bedford, MA |pages=15–37 |language=EN}}</ref>

In 1862, the town of Dartmouth voted to pay volunteers for the war. [[William Francis Bartlett]] stopped in Dartmouth after being wounded at the [[Siege of Yorktown (1862)|Siege of Yorktown]]. Several Dartmouth soldiers were at the [[Second Battle of Bull Run]]. George Lawton, Leander Collins, Robert H. Dunham, Frederick Smith, Joseph Head, Abraham R. Cowen, and John Smith were all present at the battle. They served in the 8th Battery MVM, the 16th, and 18th Regiment MVI, and the light artillery. In the New Bedford Republican Standards August 18, 182 issue it was reported that a Dartmouth town meeting voted to pay a $200  bounty to nine-month volunteers. In the month following the [[Battle of Antietam]], many Dartmouth men joined the 3rd regiment of infantry in the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia. They completed training at [[Camp Joe Hooker]] in [[Lakeville, Massachusetts|Lakeville]] before leaving for Boston on October 22, 1862. They then embarked on the Merrimac and Mississippi for [[New Bern, North Carolina]]. Dartmouth then proceeded to fulfil its second quota, sending 20 men to Company F, and three to company G. At the [[Battle of Fredericksburg]], Private Joseph Head, a machinist, Frederick Smith, a seaman, and Frederick H. Russell—all from Dartmouth—were injured. Isaac S. Barker, a carpenter, was killed.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Glennon |first=Beverly |title=Three Hundred and Fifty-Five Men for the Union |date=October 2004 |publisher=Command Print Solutions |location=New Bedford, MA |pages=40–47 |language=EN}}</ref>

==== 1863 ====
On March 3, 1863, the town voted to raise $5,000  for monthly payments of aid for families of volunteers. Acting Master James Taylor of the [[ironclad warship]] [[USS Keokuk (1862)|USS Keokuk]] arrived at his Dartmouth home on April 21, 1863. He looked "as if he had suffered anything but defeat," after the Keokuk attacked [[Fort Sumter]] and was riddled with bullet holes. Dartmouth soldiers also fought at the [[Battle of Gettysburg]]. Three soldiers served in the 1st Regiment MVI, one in the 16th, and 33rd, and six in the 18th.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Glennon |first=Beverly |title=Three Hundred and Fifty-Five Men for the Union |date=October 2004 |publisher=Command Print Solutions |location=New Bedford, MA |pages=50–60 |language=EN}}</ref>

[[David Lewis Gifford]] was a [[Union Army]] soldier from Dartmouth, who received the [[Medal of Honor]]. He enlisted in December 1863, at age 1— as a member of the [[4th Massachusetts Cavalry Regiment]]. Following the steamer the USS ''Boston'' running aground on an [[Oyster|Oyster bed]], leaving 400 individuals within range of [[Confederate States Army|Confederate]] artillery. Gifford and four other men—led by [[George W. Brush]]—manned a small boat and ferried stranded soldiers to a safe area.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Browne |first=Patrick |date=January 28, 2019 |title=Dartmouth |url=https://macivilwarmonuments.com/2019/01/28/dartmouth/ |access-date=June 27, 2022 |website=Massachusetts Civil War Monuments Project |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 12, 2014 |title=Valor awards for David L. Gifford |url=https://valor.militarytimes.com/hero/620 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812214541/http://projects.militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=620 |archive-date=August 12, 2014  |url-status=live |access-date=June 27, 2022 }}</ref>

==== 1864 ====
In April 1864, the people of Dartmouth voted to raise money to fill the quota of men for the service. At the [[Battle of Spotsylvania Court House]], Bradford Little from Dartmouth was wounded, and Edwin C. Tripp from Dartmouth died at the [[Battle of Cold Harbor]]. Three Dartmouth men were wounded at the [[Siege of Petersburg]]. Thos. C Lapham wrote to his uncle on Chase Road in Dartmouth from General Hospital Number One in [[Murfreesboro, Tennessee]] on January 20, 1864. He described the cold weather in what he called <nowiki>''Old''</nowiki> Dartmouth, as well as writing about his maladies while serving in the South, and morale among the troops, before sending his regards to his family in Dartmouth. Nahum Nickelson was another resident of Dartmouth who served in the Civil War. He enlisted in the [[35th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment]] as a drummer in March 1864. He trained for five weeks in Boston Harbor before taking a transport ship to [[Alexandria, Virginia]], where he joined the [[Battle of the Wilderness]] and the battles in Cold Harbor, and Petersburg. He was mustered out in July 1865. Once returning to Dartmouth, he built a home and would eventually be rewarded the Boston Cane, which was awarded to the oldest living resident in Dartmouth, and would be buried in the Padanaram cemetery, where he used to be a caretaker. Private Humphrey R. Davis (a seaman from Dartmouth) died in May 1864 as a [[prisoner of war]] in [[Andersonville Prison]]. During the [[1864 United States presidential election]], 384 people in Dartmouth voted to reelect [[Abraham Lincoln]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Glennon |first=Beverly |title=Three Hundred and Fifty-Five Men for the Union |date=October 2004 |publisher=Command Print Solutions |location=New Bedford, MA |pages=60–63, 85 |language=EN}}</ref>

=== Modern history ===
[[File:Round hill telescope.jpg|thumb|300px|The former MIT antenna atop Round Hill]]

The [[Watuppa Branch]] railroad started to serve Dartmouth in 1875.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Glennon |first=Beverly |title=Three Hundred and Fifty-Five Men for the Union |publisher=Command Print Solutions |date=October 2004 |location=New Bedford, MA |pages=1 |language=EN}}</ref>

During the late 19th century its coastline became a summer resort area for wealthy members of New England society.

[[Lincoln Park (Dartmouth, Massachusetts)|Lincoln Park]] was established in 1894 by the Union Street Railway Co. of New Bedford, and became an amusement park in the mid-20th century with rides such as the [[wooden roller coaster]] [[Comet (Lincoln Park)|The Comet]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lincoln Park's Comet roller coaster demolished today in Dartmouth, evoking memories of thrills past |url=https://www.boston.com/uncategorized/noprimarytagmatch/2012/07/11/lincoln-parks-comet-roller-coaster-demolished-today-in-dartmouth-evoking-memories-of-thrills-past/ |access-date=May 2, 2023 |website=www.boston.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Round Hill (Dartmouth, Massachusetts)|Round Hill]] was the site of early-to-mid 20th century research into the uses of [[radio]] and [[microwave]]s for [[aviation]] and [[communication]] by [[MIT]] scientists, including physicist [[Robert J. Van de Graaff]]. There in 1933 he built the world's largest air-insulated Van de Graaff generator (now located at the [[Museum of Science (Boston)]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lindahall.org/robert-van-de-graaff/|title=Robert Van de Graaff - Scientist of the Day|website=Linda Hall Library|date=December 20, 2018|language=en|access-date=August 12, 2020}}</ref> It is also the site of the Green Mansion, the estate of "Colonel" [[Edward Howland Robinson Green]], a colorful character who was son of the even more colorful and wildly eccentric [[Hetty Green]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/peculiar-story-hetty-green-aka-witch-wall-street-180967258/|title=The Peculiar Story of the Witch of Wall Street|website=Smithsonian Magazine|access-date=August 12, 2020}}</ref>

In 1936, the Colonel died. The estate fell into disrepair as litigation over his vast fortune continued for eight years between his widow and his sister. Finally, the court ruled that Mrs. Hetty Sylvia Wilks, the Colonel's sister, was the sole beneficiary. In 1948, she bequeathed the entire estate to MIT, which used it for microwave and laser experiments. The giant antenna, which was a landmark to sailors on Buzzards Bay, was erected on top of a 50,000-gallon water tank. Although efforts were made to preserve the structure, it deteriorated and was demolished on November 19, 2007.

Another antenna was erected next to the mansion and used in the development of the [[Ballistic Missile Early Warning System]]. MIT continued to use Round Hill through 1964. It was sold to the [[Society of Jesus]] of New England and was used as a retreat house. The upper floors were divided into 64 individual rooms. The main floor was fitted with a chapel, a library, and meeting rooms.

In 1970 the Jesuits sold the land and buildings to Gratia R. Montgomery. In 1981, Mrs. Montgomery sold most of the land to a group of developers who have worked to preserve the history, grandeur and natural environment. The property is now a gated, mostly summer residential community on the water featuring a nine-hole golf course.

In 1980 [[Sunrise Bakery and Coffee Shop]] opened its first store in Dartmouth.<ref>{{Cite web |last=GazelleGazelle |date=January 24, 2023 |title=Sunrise Bakery For Sale After 42 Years in New Bedford, Dartmouth |url=https://fun107.com/sunrise-bakery-for-sale-after-42-years-in-new-bedford-dartmouth/ |access-date=May 17, 2023 |website=FUN 107 |language=en}}</ref>

The town appeared in national news in 2013 when [[Dzhokhar Tsarnaev]], then a university student at Dartmouth, participated in the [[Boston Marathon bombing]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Boston Marathon Bombings Update: Suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was on U-Mass-Dartmouth campus this week, classmates say |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/boston-marathon-bombings-update-suspect-dzhokhar-tsarnaev-was-on-u-mass-dartmouth-campus-this-week-classmates-say/ |access-date=May 2, 2023 |website=www.cbsnews.com |date=April 19, 2013 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Parker |first1=Diantha |last2=Bidgood |first2=Jess |date=January 1, 2015 |title=Boston Marathon Bombing: What We Know |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/02/us/boston-marathon-bombings-trial-what-you-need-to-know.html |access-date=May 2, 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>