Editing Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (section)

==Synthesis==
The synthesis of cAMP is stimulated by trophic hormones that bind to receptors on the cell surface. cAMP levels reach maximal levels within minutes and decrease gradually over an hour in cultured cells.<ref name="1990-Hanukoglu">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hanukoglu I, Feuchtwanger R, Hanukoglu A |title=Mechanism of corticotropin and cAMP induction of mitochondrial cytochrome P450 system enzymes in adrenal cortex cells |journal=J Biol Chem |volume=265 |issue=33 |pages=20602–8 |date=November 1990 |pmid=2173715 |doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(17)30545-8 |url=}}</ref> 
Cyclic [[adenosine monophosphate|AMP]] is synthesized from [[Adenosine triphosphate|ATP]] by [[adenylate cyclase]] located on the inner side of the plasma membrane and anchored at various locations in the interior of the cell.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Rahman N, Buck J, Levin LR | date = November 2013 | title = pH sensing via bicarbonate-regulated "soluble" adenylate cyclase (sAC) | journal = Front Physiol | volume = 4 | page = 343 | pmid = 24324443 | pmc=3838963 | doi=10.3389/fphys.2013.00343| doi-access = free }}</ref> Adenylate cyclase is ''activated'' by a range of signaling molecules through the activation of adenylate cyclase stimulatory G ([[Gs alpha subunit|G<sub>s</sub>]])-protein-coupled receptors. Adenylate cyclase is ''inhibited'' by agonists of adenylate cyclase inhibitory G ([[Gi alpha subunit|G<sub>i</sub>]])-protein-coupled receptors. Liver adenylate cyclase responds more strongly to glucagon, and muscle adenylate cyclase responds more strongly to adrenaline.

cAMP decomposition into [[Adenosine monophosphate|AMP]] is catalyzed by the enzyme [[phosphodiesterase]].