Editing Culebra, Puerto Rico (section)

==Geography==
[[File:Culebra Nautical chart.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Culebra nautical chart]]

Culebra is an [[archipelago]] consisting of the main island and twenty-three smaller islands that lie off its coast. The largest of these [[cay|key]]s are: [[Culebrita]] to the east, [[Cayo Norte]] to the northeast, and [[Cayo Luis Peña]] and [[Cayo Lobo]] to the west. The smaller islands include Cayo Ballena, Cayos Geniqui, Arrecife Culebrita, Las Hermanas, El Mono, Cayo Lobito, Cayo Botijuela, Alcarraza, Los Gemelos, and Piedra Steven. Islands in the archipelago are [[arid]], meaning they have no rivers or [[stream]]s. All of the [[fresh water]] is brought from Puerto Rico via Vieques by undersea pipeline.<ref name="PR_Ency">{{cite web|url=https://enciclopediapr.org/en/encyclopedia/culebra-municipality/|title=Culebra Municipality|publisher=Fundación Puertorriqueña de las Humanidades (FPH)|website=enciclopediapr.org|access-date=2019-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908130434/https://enciclopediapr.org/en/encyclopedia/culebra-municipality/|archive-date=2018-09-08|url-status=live}}</ref>

Culebra is characterized by an irregular [[topography]] resulting in a long intricate [[coast|shoreline]]. The island is approximately {{convert|7|by|5|mi|0|abbr=out}}. The coast is marked by cliffs, sandy coral [[beach]]es and [[mangrove]] [[forest]]s. Inland, the tallest point on the island is [[Mount Resaca]], with an elevation of {{convert|636|ft|m|1|abbr=off|sp=us}},<ref>{{GNIS|1611545|Monte Resaca}}</ref> followed by Balcón Hill, with an elevation of {{convert|545|ft|m|1|abbr=off|sp=us}}.<ref>{{GNIS|1609924|Cerro Balcón}}</ref>

[[Ensenada Honda (Culebra, Puerto Rico)|Ensenada Honda]] is the largest inlet on the island and is considered to be the most [[Tropical cyclone|hurricane]] secure harbor in the Caribbean.<ref name="Plan">{{cite web | url=http://www.fws.gov/southeast/planning/PDFdocuments/Culebra%20Final%20CCP/Web%20Version%20Culebra%20Final%20CCP.pdf | title=Comprehensive Conservation Plan Culebra National Wildlife Refuge, Culebra, Puerto Rico | publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service | work=Proposal | date=September 2012 | access-date=February 9, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215151833/http://www.fws.gov/southeast/planning/PDFdocuments/Culebra%20Final%20CCP/Web%20Version%20Culebra%20Final%20CCP.pdf | archive-date=February 15, 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> There are also several [[lagoon]]s on the island, like Corcho, [[Flamenco Lagoon|Flamenco]], and [[Zoni Lagoon|Zoní]]. Culebrita Island also has a lagoon called Molino.

Almost 80% of the island's area is [[volcanic]] rock from the [[Cretaceous]] period. It is mostly used for [[livestock]] pasture, as well as some minor [[agriculture]].<ref>[http://www.prfrogui.com/geocities/culebra.htm Isla de Culebra] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128224847/http://www.prfrogui.com/geocities/culebra.htm |date=November 28, 2011 }} on PRFrogui.com</ref>

===Average sea temperature===
{{Weather box
|location = Average sea temperature
|single line = Y
|Jan mean F = 79.2
|Feb mean F = 78.3
|Mar mean F = 78.4
|Apr mean F = 80.1
|May mean F = 81.1
|Jun mean F = 82.6
|Jul mean F = 83.1
|Aug mean F = 84.2
|Sep mean F = 84.7
|Oct mean F = 84.2
|Nov mean F = 83.1
|Dec mean F = 81.3
|source = SeaTemperatures.org <ref>{{cite web | title=Culebra Sea Temperature - January Average - Puerto Rico | website=World Sea Temperatures | date=January 22, 2022 | url=https://www.seatemperature.org/central-america/puerto-rico/culebra-january.htm | access-date=January 22, 2022}}</ref>
}}

===Federal nature reserves===
[[File:Culebra National Wildlife Refuge Map.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Map of the Culebra National Wildlife Refuge]]
These small islands are all classified as nature reserves and several nature reserves also exist on the main island. One of the oldest bird sanctuaries in United States territory was established in Culebra on February 27, 1909, by President [[Theodore Roosevelt|Teddy Roosevelt]].<ref name="Flora and Fauna">{{cite web|url=http://www.islaculebra.com/puerto-rico/florafauna.html |title=Flora and Fauna of Culebra, Puerto Rico|website=www.islaculebra.com |access-date=March 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408115329/http://www.islaculebra.com/puerto-rico/florafauna.html|archive-date=April 8, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Culebra Island giant anole]] (''Anolis roosevelti'', ''Xiphosurus roosevelti'' (according to ITIS) is an extremely rare or possibly extinct [[anole lizard]]. It is native to Culebra Island and was named in honor of [[Theodore Roosevelt Jr.]], who was the [[governor of Puerto Rico]] at that time. There are bird sanctuaries on many of the islands as well as [[Sea turtle|turtle]] nesting sites on Culebra. [[leatherback sea turtle|Leatherback]], [[green sea turtle|green sea]] and [[hawksbill turtle|hawksbill]] [[sea turtle]]s use the beaches for nesting. The archipelagos bird sanctuaries are home to [[brown booby|brown boobies]], [[laughing gull]]s, [[sooty tern]]s, [[bridled tern]]s and [[tern|noddy terns]]. An estimated 50,000 [[seabird]]s find their way back to the sanctuaries every year. These nature reserves comprise {{convert|1568|acre|ha}} of the [[archipelago]]'s {{convert|7000|acre|ha}}. These nature reserves are protected by the [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]].

Culebra has no natural large mammals. However, a population of [[white-tailed deer]] introduced in July 1966 (one male and three females) can be found on the eastern region of the island.<ref name="Flora and Fauna" />

===National protected area===
*[[Culebra National Wildlife Refuge]]
[[File:Isla Culebra barrios ES.png|thumb|right|250px|Culebra with barrios]]

===Important Bird Area===
Culebra, along with its adjacent islets and cays, has been recognised as an [[Important Bird Area]] (IBA) by [[BirdLife International]] because they support [[seabird]] [[bird colony|breeding colonies]] of [[brown booby|brown boobies]], [[brown noddy|brown noddies]], and both [[sooty tern|sooty]] and [[royal tern]]s.<ref name=bli>{{cite web |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/culebra-iba-puerto-rico-(to-usa)|title= Culebra|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2021|website= BirdLife Data Zone|publisher= BirdLife International|access-date= 22 February 2021}}</ref>

===Barrios===
Like all municipalities of Puerto Rico, Culebra is subdivided into [[Barrios of Puerto Rico|barrios]].<ref name="Pico_1969">{{cite book |last1=Picó |first1=Rafael |last2=Buitrago de Santiago |first2=Zayda |last3=Berrios |first3=Hector H. |title=Nueva geografía de Puerto Rico: física, económica, y social |year=1969 |url=https://archive.org/details/nuevageografad00pic/page/247 |publisher=San Juan Editorial Universitaria, Universidad de Puerto Rico,1969 |access-date=2019-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226171916/https://archive.org/details/nuevageografad00pic/page/247 |archive-date=2018-12-26 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Law2015">{{cite book|author=Gwillim Law|title=Administrative Subdivisions of Countries: A Comprehensive World Reference, 1900 through 1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nXCeCQAAQBAJ |date=May 20, 2015 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-0447-3 |page=300 |access-date=December 25, 2018}}</ref><ref name="US2010Census" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://welcome.topuertorico.org/maps/culebra.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324204920/http://welcome.topuertorico.org/maps/culebra.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2018-03-24 |title=Map of Culebra at the Wayback Machine|access-date=2018-12-29 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- "
!''Barrio'' || Area<br />[[Square metre|m<sup>2</sup>]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |title=U.S. Census website |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=June 10, 2010}}</ref>||Population<br /><small>(census<br />2000)</small>||Population density || Islands in barrio
|-
|[[Culebra barrio-pueblo]] || style="text-align:right;"| 408,969 || style="text-align:right;"|652|| style="text-align:right;"|1,594.3||-
|-
|[[Flamenco, Culebra, Puerto Rico|Flamenco]] || style="text-align:right;"| 12,602,398 || style="text-align:right;"|885|| style="text-align:right;"|70.2||Cayo Pirata, Cayo Verde, Cayo Matojo, El Ancon, Piedra Stevens, Los Gemelos, Alcarraza, Roca Lavador (awash), Cayo Botijuela, [[Cayo Luis Peña|Cayo de Luis Peña]], Las Hermanas (Cayo del Agua, Cayo Ratón, Cayo Yerba), El Mono, [[Cayo Lobo]], Roca Culumna (Part of Cayo Lobito), Cayo Lobito, Cayo Tuna
|-
|[[Fraile, Culebra, Puerto Rico|Fraile]] || style="text-align:right;"| 8,211,978 || style="text-align:right;"|51|| style="text-align:right;"|6.2||[[Culebrita]], Cayo Botella, Pelá, Pelaita
|-
|[[Playa Sardinas I]] || style="text-align:right;"| 410,235 || style="text-align:right;"|136|| style="text-align:right;"|331.5|| –
|-
|[[Playa Sardinas II]] || style="text-align:right;"| 2,600,088 || style="text-align:right;"|122|| style="text-align:right;"|46.9|| –
|-
|[[San Isidro, Culebra, Puerto Rico|San Isidro]] || style="text-align:right;"| 5,857,771 || style="text-align:right;"|22|| style="text-align:right;"|3.8||Roca Speck, [[Cayo Norte]], Cayo Sombrerito, Cayos Geniquí, Cayo Tiburón, Cayo Ballena
|- style="background:#ddd;" class="sortbottom"
|Total|| style="text-align:right;"| 30,091,439 || style="text-align:right;"|1.868 || style="text-align:right;"|62,1||23 islands, cays and rocks
|}

===Sectors===
{{Further|List of barrios and sectors of Culebra, Puerto Rico}}
Barrios (which are, in contemporary times, roughly comparable to [[minor civil divisions]])<ref name="Barrio-Pueblo">{{cite web |title=U.S. Census Barrio-Pueblo definition |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/help/en/barrio.htm |website=factfinder.com |publisher=U.S. Census |access-date=January 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170513190743/https://factfinder.census.gov/help/en/barrio.htm |archive-date=May 13, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> are further subdivided into smaller areas called {{lang|es|sectores}}  (''sectors'' in English).  The types of ''sectores'' may vary, from normally ''sector'' to ''urbanización'' to ''reparto'' to ''barriada'' to ''residencial'', among others.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presupuesto.pr.gov/Presupuesto2015-2016/PresupuestosAgencias/229.htm|title=Agencia: Oficina del Coordinador General para el Financiamiento Socioeconómico y la Autogestión (Proposed 2016 Budget) |website= Puerto Rico Budgets|language=es|access-date=June 28, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | author1=Rivera Quintero, Marcia | title=El vuelo de la esperanza: Proyecto de las Comunidades Especiales Puerto Rico, 1997-2004 | year=2014 | publication-date=2014 | publisher=San Juan, Puerto Rico Fundación Sila M. Calderón | edition=first | isbn=978-0-9820806-1-0 }}</ref><ref name="Law 1-2001">{{cite web|url=http://www.lexjuris.com/lexlex/Leyes2001/lex2001001.htm|title=Leyes del 2001|website=Lex Juris Puerto Rico|language=es|access-date=June 24, 2020}}</ref>