Editing Cosmos: A Personal Voyage (section)

==Episodes==
{{Episode table |background=#191970 |overall= |title= |airdate= |episodes=
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 1
| Title           = The Shores of the Cosmic Ocean
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1980|10|1}}
| ShortSummary    = Carl Sagan opens the program with a description of the cosmos and a "Ship of the Imagination" (shaped like a dandelion seed). The ship journeys through the universe's hundred billion [[galaxy|galaxies]], the [[Local Group]], the [[Andromeda Galaxy]], the [[Milky Way]], the [[Orion Nebula]], our [[Solar System]], and finally the planet Earth. [[Eratosthenes]]' successful calculation of the circumference of Earth leads to a description of the ancient [[Library of Alexandria]]. Finally, the "Ages of Science" are described, before pulling back to the full span of the [[Cosmic Calendar]]. Note: the revised version of the series adds an introduction by [[Ann Druyan]] to this episode, recorded after Sagan's death, in which she discusses some of the changes that occurred in the years after its broadcast.
| LineColor       = 191970
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 2
| Title           = One Voice in the Cosmic Fugue
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1980|10|5}}
| ShortSummary    = Sagan discusses the story of the [[Heikegani|Heike crab]] and [[artificial selection]] of crabs resembling [[samurai]] warriors, as an opening into a larger discussion of [[evolution]] through [[natural selection]] (and the pitfalls of [[intelligent design]]). Among the topics are the development of life on the [[Cosmic Calendar]] and the [[Cambrian explosion]]; the function of [[DNA]] in growth; genetic replication, repairs, and [[mutation]]; the common biochemistry of terrestrial organisms; the creation of the molecules of life in the [[Miller–Urey experiment]]; and speculation on alien life (such as [[Jupiter#Possibility of life|life in Jupiter's clouds]]). In the ''Cosmos Update'' ten years later, Sagan remarks on [[RNA]] also controlling chemical reactions and reproducing itself and the different roles of comets (potentially carrying organic molecules or causing the [[Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event]]).
| LineColor       = 191970
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 3
| Title           = Harmony of the Worlds
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1980|10|12}}
| ShortSummary    = Beginning with the separation of the fuzzy thinking and pious fraud of [[astrology]] from the careful observations of [[astronomy]], Sagan follows the development of astronomical observation. Beginning with [[constellation]]s and ceremonial calendars (such as those of the [[Anasazi]]), the story moves to the debate between Earth and Sun-centered models: [[Ptolemy]] and the [[geocentric model|geocentric]] worldview, [[Nicolaus Copernicus]]' theory, the data-gathering of [[Tycho Brahe]], and the achievements of [[Johannes Kepler]] ([[Kepler's laws of planetary motion]] and the [[Somnium (novel)|first science-fiction novel]]).
| LineColor       = 191970
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 4
| Title           = Heaven and Hell
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1980|10|19}}
| ShortSummary    = Sagan discusses [[comet]]s and [[asteroid]]s as planetary impactors, giving recent examples of the [[Tunguska event]] and a [[Giordano Bruno (crater)#Formation|lunar impact]] described by [[Canterbury]] monks in 1178. It moves to a description of the environment of [[Venus]], from the previous fantastic theories of people such as [[Immanuel Velikovsky]] to the information gained by the [[Venera]] landers and its implications for Earth's [[greenhouse effect]]. The ''Cosmos Update'' highlights the connection to [[global warming]].
| LineColor       = 191970
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 5
| Title           = Blues for a Red Planet
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1980|10|26}}
| ShortSummary    = The episode, devoted to the planet [[Mars]], begins with scientific and fictional speculation about the Red Planet during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries ([[H. G. Wells]]' ''[[The War of the Worlds (novel)|The War of the Worlds]]'', [[Edgar Rice Burroughs]]' science fiction books, and [[Percival Lowell]]'s false vision of [[Martian canals|canals on Mars]]). It then moves to [[Robert Goddard (scientist)|Robert Goddard's]] early experiments in [[rocket]]-building, inspired by reading science fiction, and the work by [[List of planetary probes#Mars probes|Mars probes]], including the [[Viking probes|Viking]], searching for [[life on Mars (planet)|life on Mars]]. The episode ends with the possibility of the [[terraforming of Mars|terraforming]] and [[colonization of Mars|colonization]] of Mars and a ''Cosmos Update'' on the relevance of Mars' environment to Earth's and the possibility of a [[human mission to Mars]].
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}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 6
| Title           = Travellers' Tales
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1980|11|3}}
| ShortSummary    = The journeys of the [[Voyager program|Voyager]] probes are put in the context of the [[Renaissance in the Low Countries|Netherlands in the seventeenth century]], with a centuries-long tradition of [[sailing ship]] explorers, and its contemporary thinkers (such as [[Constantijn Huygens]] and his son [[Christiaan Huygens|Christian]]). Their discoveries are compared to the Voyager probes' discoveries among the [[Jupiter's natural satellites|Jovian]] and [[Saturn's natural satellites|Saturn systems]]. Sagan was a member of the Voyager research team, and production of the episode coincided with the probes arriving at Jupiter; at one point, Sagan is filmed receiving one of the first-ever images of one of Jupiter's moons. In ''Cosmos Update'', [[image processing]] reconstructs Voyager's worlds and Voyager's last portrait of the Solar System as it leaves is shown.
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}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 7
| Title           = The Backbone of Night
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1980|11|11}}
| ShortSummary    = Carl Sagan teaches students in a classroom in his childhood neighborhood of [[Brooklyn]], New York, which leads into a history of the different mythologies about stars and the gradual revelation of their true nature. In ancient Greece, some philosophers ([[Aristarchus of Samos]], [[Thales of Miletus]], [[Anaximander]], [[Theodorus of Samos]], [[Empedocles]], [[Democritus]]) freely pursue scientific knowledge, while others ([[Plato]], [[Aristotle]], and the [[Pythagoreanism|Pythagoreans]]) advocate slavery and [[epistemic]] secrecy. Centuries later, re-discovery of the writings of the free-thinking Greek philosophers helps inspire participants in the [[Scientific Revolution]], which led to the development of the [[Copernican principle]] – the philosophical implications of which Sagan explores. The video then returns to the Brooklyn classroom where Sagan correctly gives students the prediction that astronomers will confirm the existence of [[exoplanet]]s within their lifetime.
| LineColor       = 191970
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 8
| Title           = Journeys in Space and Time
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1980|11|19}}
| ShortSummary    = Ideas about time and space are explored in the changes that [[constellation]]s undergo over time, the [[redshift]] and [[blueshift]] measured in interstellar objects, [[time dilation]] in [[Albert Einstein]]'s [[theory of relativity]], the designs of both [[Leonardo da Vinci]] and spacecraft that could travel near [[light speed]], [[time travel]] and its hypothetical effects on human history, the origins of the [[Solar System]], the history of life, and the immensity of space. Propping the curiosity about speed of light, Sagan suggested the possibility from the practical projects of the 20th century by British Interplanetary Society marking the beginning of interstellar travel with the projects named [[Project Orion (nuclear propulsion)|Project Orion]] and [[Project Daedalus]]. Although Project Orion was discontinued as a result of nuclear disarmament treaties, Project Daedalus pioneered the idea of using nuclear fusion rather than fission for a viable interstellar spacecraft. In ''Cosmos Update'', the idea of [[faster-than-light]] travel by [[wormhole]]s (researched by [[Kip Thorne]] and shown in Sagan's novel ''[[Contact (novel)|Contact]]'') is discussed.
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}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 9
| Title           = The Lives of the Stars
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1980|11|25}}
| ShortSummary    = The simple act of making an apple pie is extrapolated into the [[atom]]s and subatomic particles ([[electron]]s, [[proton]]s, and [[neutron]]s) necessary. Many of the ingredients necessary are formed of chemical elements formed in the life and deaths of stars (such as our own Sun), resulting in massive [[red giant]]s and [[supernova]]e or collapsing into [[white dwarf]]s, [[neutron star]]s, [[pulsar]]s, and even [[black hole]]s. These produce all sorts of phenomena, such as [[radioactivity]], [[cosmic ray]]s, and even the curving of [[spacetime]] by gravity. ''Cosmos Update'' mentions the supernova [[SN 1987A]] and [[neutrino astronomy]].
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}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 10
| Title           = The Edge of Forever
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1980|12|6}}
| ShortSummary    = Beginning with the origins of the universe in the [[Big Bang]], Sagan describes the formation of different types of galaxies and anomalies such as [[galactic collision]]s and [[quasar]]s. The discoveries of [[Edwin Hubble]] and [[Milton L. Humason]] are described. The episode moves further into ideas about the [[shape of the universe|structure of the Universe]], such as different dimensions (in the imaginary [[Flatland]] and [[Four-dimensional space|four-dimensional]] [[Tesseract|hypercubes]]), an infinite vs. a finite universe, and the idea of an oscillating Universe (similar to that in [[Hindu cosmology]]). The search into other ideas such as [[dark matter]] and the [[multiverse]] is shown, using tools such as the [[Very Large Array]] in [[New Mexico]]. ''Cosmos Update'' shows new information about the odd, irregular surfaces of galaxies and the Milky Way perhaps being a [[barred spiral galaxy]].
| LineColor       = 191970
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 11
| Title           = The Persistence of Memory
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1980|12|12}}
| ShortSummary    = The idea of intelligence is explored in the concepts of computers (using [[bit]]s as their basic units of information), whales (in their songs and their disruptions by human activities), [[DNA]], the [[human brain]] (the evolution of the [[brain stem]], [[frontal lobe]]s, [[neuron]]s, [[cerebral hemisphere]]s, and [[corpus callosum]] under the [[Triune brain|Triune Brain Model]]), and man-made structures for [[collective intelligence]] (cities, libraries, books, computers, and satellites). The episode ends with speculation on alien intelligence and the information conveyed on the [[Voyager Golden Record]].
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}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 12
| Title           = Encyclopaedia Galactica
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1980|12|20}}
| ShortSummary    = Questions are raised about the search for intelligent life beyond the Earth, with [[Unidentified flying object|UFOs]] and other close encounters refuted in favor of communications through [[SETI]] and radio telescope such as the [[Arecibo Observatory]]. The probability of technically advanced civilizations existing elsewhere in the Milky Way is interpreted using the [[Drake equation]] and a future hypothetical ''Encyclopedia Galactica'' is discussed as a repository of information about other worlds in the galaxy (similar to the [[Rosetta Stone]], with the life of decipherer [[Jean-François Champollion]] featured). The ''Cosmos Update'' notes that there have been fewer sightings of UFOs and more stories of [[UFO abduction|abductions]], while mentioning the [[Megachannel ExtraTerrestrial Assay|META]] scanning the skies for signals.
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}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 13
| Title           = Who Speaks for Earth?
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1981|1|1}}
| ShortSummary    = Sagan reflects on the future of humanity and the question of "who speaks for Earth?" when meeting extraterrestrials. He discusses the very different meetings of the [[Tlingit people]] and explorer [[Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse|Jean-François de La Pérouse]] with the destruction of the [[Aztecs]] by Spanish [[conquistador]]s, the looming threat of [[nuclear warfare]], and the threats shown by the [[Library of Alexandria#Destruction of the Library|destruction of the Library of Alexandria]] and the murder of [[Hypatia of Alexandria|Hypatia]]. The episode ends with an overview of the beginning of the universe, the evolution of life, and the accomplishments of humanity and makes a plea to mankind to cherish life and continue its journey in the cosmos. The ''Cosmos Update'' notes the preliminary reconnaissance of planets with spacecraft, the fall of the [[Berlin Wall]] and the end of [[apartheid in South Africa]], and measures towards the reduction of [[nuclear weapons]].
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}}

===Ted Turner Interviews Carl Sagan===
Some versions of the series, including the first North American home video release (though not the DVD release), included a specially-made fourteenth episode, which consisted of an hour-long interview between Sagan and [[Ted Turner]], released in 1981<ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/11076/Cosmos-Episode-14-Ted-Turner-Interviews-Dr-Sagan/overview |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080620135959/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/11076/Cosmos-Episode-14-Ted-Turner-Interviews-Dr-Sagan/overview |url-status=dead |archive-date=2008-06-20 |department=Movies & TV Dept. |work=[[The New York Times]] |author=Alice Day |date=2008 |title=Cosmos, Episode 14: Ted Turner Interviews Dr. Sagan (1981) }}</ref> in which the two discussed the series and new discoveries made in the years since its first broadcast.