Editing Corticosteroid (section)

==Medical uses==
Synthetic [[pharmaceutical drug]]s with corticosteroid-like effects are used in a variety of conditions, ranging from [[Hematological cancer|hematological neoplasms]]<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Faggiano A, Mazzilli R, Natalicchio A, Adinolfi V, Argentiero A, Danesi R, D'Oronzo S, Fogli S, Gallo M, Giuffrida D, Gori S, Montagnani M, Ragni A, Renzelli V, Russo A, Silvestris N, Franchina T, Tuveri E, Cinieri S, Colao A, Giorgino F, Zatelli MC | display-authors = 6 | title = Corticosteroids in oncology: Use, overuse, indications, contraindications. An Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM)/ Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD)/ Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE)/ Italian Society of Pharmacology (SIF) multidisciplinary consensus position paper | journal = Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology | volume = 180 | pages = 103826 | date = December 2022 | pmid = 36191821 | doi = 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103826 | hdl-access = free | s2cid = 252663155 | hdl = 10447/582211 }}</ref> to [[brain tumor]]s or [[skin disease]]s. [[Dexamethasone]] and its derivatives are almost pure glucocorticoids, while [[prednisone]] and its derivatives have some mineralocorticoid action in addition to the glucocorticoid effect. [[Fludrocortisone]] (Florinef) is a synthetic mineralocorticoid. [[Hydrocortisone]] (cortisol) is typically used for replacement therapy, ''e.g.'' for [[adrenal insufficiency]] and [[congenital adrenal hyperplasia]].{{cn|date=June 2024}}

Medical conditions treated with systemic corticosteroids:<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mohamadi A, Chan JJ, Claessen FM, Ring D, Chen NC | title = Corticosteroid Injections Give Small and Transient Pain Relief in Rotator Cuff Tendinosis: A Meta-analysis | journal = Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research | volume = 475 | issue = 1 | pages = 232–243 | date = January 2017 | pmid = 27469590 | pmc = 5174041 | doi = 10.1007/s11999-016-5002-1 }}</ref>

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* [[Allergy]] and [[Pulmonology|respirology]] medicine
** [[Asthma]] (severe exacerbations)
** [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]] (COPD)
** [[Allergic rhinitis]]
** [[Atopic dermatitis]]
** [[Hives]]
** [[Angioedema]]
** [[Anaphylaxis]]
** [[Food allergy|Food allergies]]
** [[Drug allergy|Drug allergies]]
** [[Nasal polyp]]s
** [[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]
** [[Sarcoidosis]]
** [[Eosinophilic pneumonia]]
** Some other types of [[pneumonia]] (in addition to the traditional [[antibiotic]] treatment protocols)
** [[Interstitial lung disease]]
* [[Dermatology]]
** [[Pemphigus vulgaris]]
** [[Contact dermatitis]]
* [[Endocrinology]] (usually at physiologic doses)
** [[Addison's disease]]
** [[Adrenal insufficiency]]
** [[Congenital adrenal hyperplasia]]
* [[Gastroenterology]]
** [[Ulcerative colitis]]
** [[Crohn's disease]]
** [[Autoimmune hepatitis]]
* [[Hematology]]
** [[Lymphoma]]
** [[Leukemia]]
** [[Hemolytic anemia]]
** [[Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
** [[Multiple Myeloma]]
* [[Rheumatology]]/[[Immunology]]
** [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
** [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
** [[Polymyalgia rheumatica]]
** [[Polymyositis]]
** [[Dermatomyositis]]
** [[Polyarteritis]]
** [[Vasculitis]]
* [[Ophthalmology]]
** [[Uveitis]]
** [[Optic neuritis]]
** [[Keratoconjunctivitis]]
* Other conditions
** [[Multiple sclerosis]] relapses
** [[Organ transplantation]]
** [[Nephrotic syndrome]]
** [[Hepatitis#Chronic hepatitis|Chronic hepatitis]] ([[Flareup|flare ups]])
** [[Cerebral edema]]
** [[IgG4-related disease]]
** [[Prostate cancer]]
** [[Tendinosis]]
** [[Lichen planus]]
{{div col end}}

Topical formulations are also available for the [[skin disease|skin]], eyes ([[uveitis]]), lungs ([[asthma]]), nose ([[rhinitis]]), and [[inflammatory bowel disease|bowels]]. Corticosteroids are also used supportively to prevent nausea, often in combination with 5-HT<sub>3</sub> antagonists (e.g., [[ondansetron]]).{{cn|date=June 2024}}

Typical [[adverse drug reaction|undesired effects]] of glucocorticoids present quite uniformly as drug-induced [[Cushing's syndrome]]. Typical mineralocorticoid side-effects are [[arterial hypertension|hypertension]] (abnormally high blood pressure), steroid induced diabetes mellitus, psychosis, poor sleep, [[hypokalemia]] (low potassium levels in the blood), [[hypernatremia]] (high sodium levels in the blood) without causing [[peripheral edema]], [[metabolic alkalosis]] and connective tissue weakness.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Werner R |title=A massage therapist's guide to Pathology |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Pennsylvania |year=2005 |edition=3rd }}</ref> Wound healing or ulcer formation may be inhibited by the immunosuppressive effects.

A variety of steroid medications, from anti-allergy nasal sprays ([[Nasonex]], [[Flonase]]) to topical skin creams, to eye drops ([[Tobradex]]), to prednisone have been implicated in the development of [[central serous retinopathy]] (CSR).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Carvalho-Recchia CA, Yannuzzi LA, Negrão S, Spaide RF, Freund KB, Rodriguez-Coleman H, Lenharo M, Iida T | display-authors = 6 | title = Corticosteroids and central serous chorioretinopathy | journal = Ophthalmology | volume = 109 | issue = 10 | pages = 1834–1837 | date = October 2002 | pmid = 12359603 | doi = 10.1016/S0161-6420(02)01117-X }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://buteykola.com/2010/07/the-new-york-times-a-breathing-technique-offers-help-for-people-with-asthma |title=The New York Times :: A Breathing Technique Offers Help for People With Asthma |publisher=buteykola.com |access-date=2012-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724105056/http://buteykola.com/2010/07/the-new-york-times-a-breathing-technique-offers-help-for-people-with-asthma/ |archive-date=2012-07-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Corticosteroids have been widely used in treating people with [[traumatic brain injury]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Corticosteroids for acute traumatic brain injury|vauthors=Alderson P, Roberts I |publisher=The Cochrane Collaboration|chapter=Plain Language Summary|page=2}}</ref> A [[systematic review]] identified 20 randomised controlled trials and included 12,303 participants, then compared patients who received corticosteroids with patients who received no treatment.  The authors recommended people with traumatic head injury should not be routinely treated with corticosteroids.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Alderson P, Roberts I | title = Corticosteroids for acute traumatic brain injury | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2005 | issue = 1 | pages = CD000196 | date = January 2005 | pmid = 15674869 | pmc = 7043302 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD000196.pub2 | veditors = Alderson P }}</ref>