Editing Contemporary Christian music (section)

=== Beginnings (1950s–1960s) ===
The growing popularity of [[rock and roll]] music in the 1950s was initially dismissed by the church because it was believed to encourage sinfulness. Yet as evangelical churches adapted to appeal to more people, the musical styles used in worship changed as well by adopting the sounds of this popular style.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McDowell |first=Amy D. |title=Contemporary Christian Music |url=http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/A2234810?q=contemporary%20christian%20music&search=quick&pos=1&_start=1 |via=Oxford Music and Art Online}}</ref>

The genre became known as contemporary Christian music as a result of the [[Jesus movement]] revival in the latter 1960s and early 1970s,<ref name="BanjoWilliams">{{Cite journal |last1=Banjo |first1=Omotayo O. |last2=Williams |first2=Kesha Morant |year=2011 |title=A House Divided? Christian Music in Black and White |journal=Journal of Media & Religion |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=115–137 |doi=10.1080/15348423.2011.599640 |s2cid=144756181}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=February 17, 2016 |title=Who killed the contemporary Christian music industry? |url=http://theweek.com/articles/555603/who-killed-contemporary-christian-music-industry |access-date=August 21, 2017}}</ref> and was originally called [[Jesus music]].<ref name="ForbesMahan2017">{{Cite book |last1=Forbes |first1=Bruce David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OaswDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR9 |title=Religion and Popular Culture in America, Third Edition |last2=Mahan |first2=Jeffrey H. |publisher=Univ of California Press |year=2017 |isbn=978-0-520-29146-1 |pages=9–}}</ref> "About that time, many young people from the sixties' counterculture professed to believe in Jesus. Convinced of the "bareness" of a lifestyle based on drugs, free sex and "radical politics", some of the Jesus '[[hippie]]s' became known as 'Jesus people'".<ref name="Frame">Frame, John M. ''Contemporary Worship Music''. Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R Publishing, 1997.</ref> It was during the 1970s Jesus movement that Christian music started to become an industry within itself.<ref name="by the 80s">{{Cite book |last=Powell |first=Mark Allan |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofco00mark/page/10 |title=Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music |publisher=Hendrickson Publishers |year=2002 |isbn=1-56563-679-1 |location=Peabody, Massachusetts |page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofco00mark/page/10 10] |quote=By the '80s, the special-interest network that Jesus music had spawned had developed into a multimillion-dollar industry. Contemporary Christian music had its own magazines, radio stations and award shows. The Jesus movement revival was over.}}</ref> "Jesus music" started by playing instruments and singing songs about love and peace, which then translated into love of God. Paul Wohlegemuth, who wrote the book ''Rethinking Church Music'', said "[the] 1970s will see a marked acceptance of rock-influenced music in all levels of church music. The rock style will become more familiar to all people, its rhythmic excesses will become refined, and its earlier secular associations will be less remembered."<ref>Baker, Paul. Page 140. ''Contemporary Christian Music: Where it came from What it is Where It's Going''. Westchester, Illinois: Crossway Books, 1985. Print.</ref>

Evangelical artists made significant contributions to CCM in the 1960s, developing various Christian [[music styles]], from [[Christian rock]] to [[Christian hip-hop]], continuing on to [[Christian punk]] and [[Christian metal]].<ref>David Horn, John Shepherd, ''Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World Volume 8: Genres: North America'', Continuum International Publishing Group, USA, 2012, pp. 144, 147.</ref><ref>Don Cusic, ''Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music: Pop, Rock, and Worship: Pop, Rock, and Worship'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2009, p. 77.</ref> Those involved were affected by the late 1960s to early 1970s [[Jesus movement]], whose adherents colloquially called themselves "Jesus Freaks", as an evangelical Christian response to the [[counterculture]] movements such as [[hippie]]s and [[flower children]] who were finding widespread traction. The [[Calvary Chapel Association|Calvary Chapel]] was one such response, which launched [[Maranatha! Music|Maranatha Music]] in 1971. They soon began to express themselves in alternative styles of [[popular music]] and worship music. The [[GMA Dove Award|''Dove Awards'']], an annual ceremony which rewards Christian music, was created in [[Memphis, Tennessee]] in October 1969 by the Gospel Music Association.<ref>W. K. McNeil, ''Encyclopedia of American Gospel Music'', Routledge, Abingdon-on-Thames, 2013, p. 108.</ref>

There was some internal critique of CCM at its advent.<ref name="Powell_Fe" /> The Christian college [[Bob Jones University]] discourages its dormitory students from listening to CCM.<ref name="BJU_Hall">{{Cite web |title=BJU ~ Residence Hall Life |url=http://www.bju.edu/become-a-student/accepted-students/expectations/residence.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125043737/http://www.bju.edu/become-a-student/accepted-students/expectations/residence.php |archive-date=January 25, 2012 |access-date=March 21, 2009 |publisher=[[Bob Jones University]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Clarke |first=Gerald |date=March 11, 1985 |title=New Lyrics for the Devil's Music |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|url=https://time.com/archive/6707430/show-business-new-lyrics-for-the-devils-music/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120220504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,141289,00.html |archive-date=November 20, 2011}}</ref>

[[Larry Norman]] is often remembered as the "father of Christian rock", because of his early contributions (before the Jesus movement) to the developing new genre that mixed rock rhythms with the Christian messages.<ref name="Hevesi">Hevesi, Dennis. "Larry Norman, 60, Singer of Christian Rock Music". ''[[The New York Times]]'' March 4, 2008: 1. Print. February 3, 2016.</ref> Though his style was not initially well received by some in the Christian community of the time, he continued throughout his career to create controversial hard-rock songs such as "Why Should the Devil Have All the Good Music?".<ref name="Hevesi" /> He is remembered as the artist "who first combined rock 'n' roll with Christian lyrics" in the [[Gospel Music Hall of Fame]].<ref name="Hevesi" /> Though there were Christian albums in the 1960s that contained contemporary-sounding songs, there were two albums recorded in 1969 that are considered{{By whom|date=November 2010}} to be the first complete albums of "Jesus rock": ''[[Upon This Rock (Larry Norman album)|Upon This Rock]]'' (1969) by Larry Norman initially released on [[Capitol Records]],<ref name="John J. Thompson 2000">John J. Thompson, ''Raised by Wolves: The Story of Christian Rock & Roll'' (2000):49.</ref> and ''Mylon – We Believe'' by [[Mylon LeFevre]], released by Cotillion, which was LeFevre's attempt at blending [[gospel music]] with [[southern rock]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oord |first=Bill |title=Mylon LeFevre Biography |url=http://www.tributetomylon.com/biography.htm |access-date=June 26, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Powell |first=Mark Allan |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofco00mark/page/520 |title=Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music |publisher=Hendrickson Publishers |year=2002 |isbn=1-56563-679-1 |location=Peabody, Massachusetts |page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofco00mark/page/520 520] |quote=Musically, the 1970 album ''Mylon'' (a.k.a. ''We Believe'') is deservedly a Christian classic, a raw example of down-home southern rock. A dominant organ, spicy guitars, and generous use of female background vocals give the project a funky-and-gritty combination of R&B soul and roots rock.}}</ref> Unlike traditional or southern gospel music, this new Jesus music was birthed out of [[rock music|rock]] and [[folk music]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Di Sabatino |first=David |title=The Jesus People Movement: an annotated bibliography and general resource |year=1999 |location=Lake Forest, CA |page=136}}</ref>

Pioneers of this movement also included [[Andrae Crouch|Andraé Crouch and the Disciples]], [[the Imperials]], [[Michael Omartian]], [[2nd Chapter of Acts]], [[Phil Keaggy]], [[Love Song (band)|Love Song]], [[Barry McGuire]], [[Evie (singer)|Evie]], [[Paul Clark (Christian musician)|Paul Clark]], [[Randy Matthews]], [[Randy Stonehill]] and [[Keith Green]] among others. The small Jesus music culture had expanded into a multimillion-dollar [[Christian music industry|industry]] by the 1980s.<ref name="by the 80s" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=It's a long way from 'Jesus music' to CCM industry |url=http://www.canadianchristianity.com/cgi-bin/bc.cgi?bc/bccn/0303/artccm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130215165622/http://www.canadianchristianity.com/cgi-bin/bc.cgi?bc/bccn/0303/artccm |archive-date=February 15, 2013 |access-date=January 26, 2013 |publisher=Canadianchristianity.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 2003 |title=News Digest |url=http://pe.ag.org/News2003/4636_ccm.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113071112/http://pe.ag.org/News2003/4636_ccm.cfm |archive-date=January 13, 2014 |access-date=January 26, 2013 |publisher=Pe.ag.org}}</ref> A number of CCM artists such as [[Benny Hester]],<ref name="CCM Legends">{{Cite web |title=CCM Legends – Benny Hester |url=http://www.cbn.com/cbnmusic/Artists/Hester_Benny.aspx |publisher=CBN.com}}</ref><ref name="BillboardAdultContemporaryTop50Chart">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3iQEAAAAMBAJ&q=Benny+Hester&pg=PT32 |title=Billboard Top 50 Adult Contemporary Chart – Nov 7, 1981 – 'Nobody Knows Me Like You' Debuts No. 44 Mainstream |date=November 7, 1981 |publisher=Billboard.com}}</ref> [[Amy Grant]],<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Amy Grant – Chart history |url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=amy grant|chart=all}} |access-date=May 8, 2013 |magazine=Billboard}}</ref> [[DC Talk]],<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=dc Talk – Chart history |url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=dc talk|chart=all}} |access-date=May 8, 2013 |magazine=Billboard}}</ref> [[Michael W. Smith]],<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Michael W. Smith – Chart history |url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=michael w. smith|chart=all}} |access-date=May 8, 2013 |magazine=Billboard}}</ref> [[Stryper]],<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Stryper – Chart history |url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=stryper|chart=all}} |access-date=May 8, 2013 |magazine=Billboard}}</ref> and [[Jars of Clay]]<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Jars of Clay – Chart history |url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=jars of clay|chart=all}} |access-date=May 8, 2013 |magazine=Billboard}}</ref> found [[Crossover (music)|crossover]] success with [[Top 40]] mainstream radio play.