Editing Conservative Party (UK) (section)

=== Origins ===
Some writers trace the party's origins to the [[Tories (British political party)|Tory Party]], which it soon replaced. Other historians point to a faction, rooted in the 18th century [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig Party]], that coalesced around [[William Pitt the Younger]] in the 1780s. They were known as "Independent Whigs", "[[Tories (British political party)#Friends of Mr Pitt|Friends of Mr Pitt]]", or "Pittites" and never used terms such as "Tory" or "Conservative". From about 1812, the name "Tory" was commonly used for a new party that, according to historian Robert Blake, "are the ancestors of Conservatism". Blake adds that Pitt's successors after 1812 "were not in any sense standard-bearers of 'true Toryism'".<ref>Robert Blake, ''The Conservative Party from Peel to Major'' (1997) p. 4</ref>

The term ''Tory'' was an insult that entered [[Politics of England|English politics]] during the [[Exclusion Crisis|Exclusion Bill]] crisis of 1678–1681, which derived from the [[Middle Irish]] word {{lang|mga|tóraidhe}} (modern [[Irish language|Irish]]: {{lang|ga|tóraí}}) meaning ''[[outlaw]]'' or ''robber'', which in turn derived from the Irish word {{lang|ga|tóir}}, meaning ''pursuit'', since outlaws were "pursued men".<ref>{{citation|contribution=Tory|last=Webster|title=New World Dictionary & Thesaurus|edition=2.0 for PC|year=1998}}</ref><ref>{{citation|contribution=Tory|title=Answers|url=http://www.answers.com/main/ntquery?s=Tory&gwp=16|access-date=3 January 2024|archive-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923174521/http://www.answers.com/main/ntquery?s=Tory&gwp=16|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The term "[[Conservative]]" was suggested as a title for the party in an article by [[John Wilson Croker|J. Wilson Croker]] published in the ''[[Quarterly Review]]'' in 1830.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Safire|first1=William|title=Safire's Political Dictionary|date=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0195343342|page=144|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c4UoX6-Sv1AC&pg=PA144|access-date=29 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330130525/https://books.google.com/books?id=c4UoX6-Sv1AC&pg=PA144|archive-date=30 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The name immediately caught on and was formally adopted under the aegis of [[Robert Peel]] around 1834. Peel is acknowledged as the founder of the Conservative Party, which he created with the announcement of the [[Tamworth Manifesto]]. The term "Conservative Party" rather than Tory was the dominant usage by 1845.<ref>Ivor Bulmer-Thomas, ''The Growth of the British Party System Volume I: 1640–1923'' (1965) pp. 66–81</ref><ref>David Paterson, ''Liberalism and Conservatism, 1846–1905'' (2001) p. 5</ref>