Editing Congress of Vienna (section)

== Preliminaries ==
The [[Treaty of Chaumont]] in 1814 had reaffirmed decisions that had been made already and that would be ratified by the more important Congress of Vienna. They included the establishment of a confederated Germany, the division of Italy into independent states, the restoration of the Bourbon kings of Spain, and the enlargement of the Netherlands to include what in 1830 became modern Belgium. The Treaty of Chaumont became the cornerstone of the European Alliance that formed the balance of power for decades.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |first=Frederick B. |last=Artz |title=Reaction & Revolution: 1814–1832 |date=1934 |ol=45710678M |page=110}}</ref>

Other partial settlements had already occurred at the [[Treaty of Paris (1814)|Treaty of Paris]] between France and the [[Sixth Coalition]], and the [[Treaty of Kiel]] that covered issues raised regarding [[Scandinavia]]. The Treaty of Paris had determined that a "general congress" should be held in [[Vienna]] and that invitations would be issued to "all the Powers engaged on either side in the present war".<ref>[[Treaty of Paris (1814)]] [[s:Treaty of Paris (1814)#ART.XXXII|Article XXXII]]</ref> The opening was scheduled for July 1814.{{Sfn|King|2008|page=[https://archive.org/details/vienna1814howcon00king/page/334 334]}}