Editing Congenital rubella syndrome (section)

==Diagnosis==
[[File:Rubella serology.png|thumb|Congenital rubella serology timeline]]
Diagnosis of congenital rubella syndrome is made based on clinical findings and laboratory criteria.<ref name=":12" /> Laboratory criteria includes at least one of the following:
* Detection of the rubella virus via [[Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction|RT-PCR]]<ref name=":5" />
* Detection of rubella-specific [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM antibody]]<ref name=":5" />
* Detection of infant rubella-specific [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG antibody]]<ref name=":5" /> at higher levels (and persists for a longer time) than expected for passive maternal transmission
* Isolation of the rubella virus by nasal, blood, throat, urine, or [[cerebrospinal fluid]] specimens

Clinical definition is characterized by findings in the following categories:

# Cataracts/congenital glaucoma, congenital heart disease (most commonly, patent ductus arteriosus or peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis), hearing impairment, pigmentary retinopathy
# Purpura, [[hepatosplenomegaly]], jaundice, microcephaly, developmental delay, [[meningoencephalitis]], radiolucent bone disease

A patient is classified into the following cases depending on their clinical and laboratory findings:<ref name=":12" />
* '''Suspected:''' A patient that has one or more of the clinical findings listed above but does not meet the definition for probable or confirmed classification
* '''Probable:''' A patient that does not have laboratory confirmation of congenital rubella but has either two clinical findings from Group 1 as listed above OR one clinical finding from Group 1 and one clinical finding from Group 2 as listed above
* '''Confirmed:''' A patient with at least one laboratory finding and one clinical finding (from either group) as listed above
* '''Infection only:''' A patient with no clinical findings as described above but meeting at least one confirmed laboratory criteria