Editing Community network (section)

==Examples==
Though [[Community Memory]] existed in [[Berkeley, California]] in the 1970s and private [[bulletin board systems]] that welcomed the general public flourished during the late 1970s through the early 1990s, "community networking" as an intentional goal became popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Among the early systems were Big Sky Telegraph ([[Montana]], USA) in 1988;<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.davehugheslegacy.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=424:big-sky-telegraph-1&catid=102&Itemid=210 | title = Big Sky Telegraph | work = Dave Hughes Legacy Site | publisher = Dave Hughes | accessdate = 2019-05-20 }}</ref> Cleveland Free-Net (Ohio, USA) in 1986 and its similar [[free-net]]s in following years; the Public Electronic Network (PEN) in [[Santa Monica, California]] (USA) in 1989;<ref>{{cite speech | url = http://www.mckeown.net/PENaddress.html | title = Social Norms and Implications of Santa Monica's PEN (Public Electronic Network) | last = McKeown | first = Kevin | event = 99th Annual Convention of the [[American Psychological Association]] | location = [[San Francisco, California]] | date = August 1991 | accessdate = 2019-05-20 }}</ref> and De Digital Stad (DDS) ([[:nl:De Digitale Stad|nl]]) in [[Amsterdam]] (The Netherlands) in 1994.

[http://redbricksnetwork.wordpress.com/ Redbricks Intranet Collective] (RIC) is a community network started in [[Manchester]], [[UK]] in 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mymanchester.net/story/internet-and-evolution-manchester-communities |title=Internet and Evolution in Manchester Communities &#124; mymanchester.net |access-date=2016-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220043858/http://mymanchester.net/story/internet-and-evolution-manchester-communities |archive-date=2016-12-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{cns|date=May 2019|[[VillageSoup]] created the first community network based on a business model suggested in the 1997 book ''Net Gain: Expanding Markets Through Virtual Communities'', authored by [[John Hagel III]] and Arthur G. Armstrong, two [[McKinsey & Company]], Inc. consultants.}}