Editing Communication disorder (section)

=== DSM-IV ===
According to the [[DSM-IV-TR]] (no longer used), communication disorders were usually first diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, though they are not limited as childhood disorders and may persist into adulthood.<ref>DSM IV-TR, Rapoport DSM-IV Training Guide for Diagnosis of Childhood Disorders</ref>{{full citation needed|date=August 2014}}  They may also occur with other disorders.

Diagnosis involved testing and evaluation during which it is determined if the scores/performance are "substantially below" developmental expectations and if they "significantly" interfere with academic achievement, social interactions, and daily living.  This assessment might have also determined if the characteristic is deviant or delayed.  Therefore, it may have been possible for an individual to have communication challenges but not meet the criteria of being "substantially below" criteria of the DSM IV-TR.
The DSM diagnoses did not comprise a complete list of all communication disorders, for example, [[auditory processing disorder]] is not classified under the DSM or ICD-10.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://cirrie.buffalo.edu/encyclopedia/en/article/249/ |last1=Banai |first1=K |last2=Yifat |first2=R |title=Communication Disorders: Auditory Processing Disorders| year=2010| encyclopedia=International Encyclopedia of Rehabilitation |editor=JH Stone |editor2=M Blouin | publisher=Center for International Rehabilitation Research Information and Exchange (CIRRIE) }}</ref>
The following diagnoses were included as communication disorders:
* [[Expressive language disorder]] – characterized by difficulty expressing oneself beyond simple sentences and a limited vocabulary. Individuals can better understand than use language; they may have a lot to say, but have more difficulty organizing and retrieving the words than expected for their developmental stage.<ref>{{Cite web  | last =Morales  | first =Sarah  | title = Expressive Language Disorder - ICD 315.31 | url = http://www.childspeech.net/u_iv_h.html | publisher =Children's Speech Care Center  | access-date = 8 December 2013 }}</ref>
* [[Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder]] – problems comprehending the commands of others.
* [[Stuttering]] – a speech disorder characterized by a break in fluency, where sounds, syllables, or words may be repeated or prolonged.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Stuttering  | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002400/ |work=Children and stuttering; Speech disfluency; Stammering| publisher =U.S. National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health  | date = 2012 | access-date = 8 December 2013}}</ref>
* [[Phonological disorder]] – a speech sound disorder characterized by problems in making patterns of sound errors (e.g., "dat" for "that").
* Communication disorder NOS (not otherwise specified) – the DSM-IV diagnosis in which disorders that do not meet the specific criteria for the disorder listed above may be classified.