Editing Common carp (section)

==History==
The common carp is native to Europe and Asia, and has been introduced to every part of the world except the poles. They are the third-most frequently introduced fish species worldwide,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Courtenay|first1=Walter R.|last2=Welcomme|first2=R. L.|date=1989-05-23|title=International Introductions of Inland Aquatic Species|journal=Copeia|volume=1989|issue=2|pages=520|doi=10.2307/1445460|issn=0045-8511|jstor=1445460}}</ref> and their history as a farmed fish dates back to Roman times.<ref>{{Citation|last=Balon|first=Eugene K.|title=Domestication of the carp Cyprinus caprio L.|publisher=[[Royal Ontario Museum]]|year=1974|url=https://archive.org/details/domesticationofc00balo|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/domesticationofc00balo/page/16|chapter=Probable Origin of Domestication|pages=16–18}}</ref> Carp are used as food in many areas, but are also regarded as a pest in several regions due to their ability to out-compete native fish stocks.<ref>"Common Carp." Aliens Among Us. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Oct. 2014. &lt;http://alienspecies.royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/eng/species/common-carp&gt{{Dead link|date=November 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }};.</ref> The original common carp was found in the inland delta of the [[Danube|Danube River]] about 2000 years ago and was torpedo-shaped and golden-yellow in colour. It had two pairs of barbels and a mesh-like scale pattern. Although this fish was initially kept as an exploited captive, it was later maintained in large, specially built ponds by the Romans in south-central Europe (verified by the discovery of common carp remains in excavated settlements in the Danube Delta area). As aquaculture became a profitable branch of agriculture, efforts were made to farm the animals, and the culture systems soon included spawning and growing ponds.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.carpfishingscience.com/ |title=Balon, E. K. (2004). About the oldest domesticates among fishes. Journal of Fish Biology, 65 (Supplement A): 1–27. In Carp Fishing Science |access-date=2019-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503062057/http://www.carpfishingscience.com/ |archive-date=2010-05-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The common carp's native range also extends to the [[Black Sea]], [[Caspian Sea]], and [[Aral Sea]].{{Cn|date=April 2021}}

Both European and Asian subspecies have been [[Domestication|domesticated]].<ref name=Genetica/> In Europe, domestication of carp as [[food fish]] was spread by [[monk]]s between the 13th and 16th centuries. The wild forms of carp had already reached the delta of the [[Rhine]] in the 12th century, probably with some human help.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/42532268/publicaties/arcpublicatie-69.pdf |title=Aanvullend Archeologisch Onderzoek op terrein 9 te Houten-Loerik, gemeente Houten (U.) |access-date=2014-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050445/https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/42532268/publicaties/arcpublicatie-69.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Variants that have arisen with domestication include the [[mirror carp]], with large, mirror-like scales (linear mirror – scaleless except for a row of large scales that run along the [[lateral line]]; originating in [[Germany]]), the leather carp (virtually unscaled except near dorsal fin), and the fully scaled carp. [[Koi]] carp (錦鯉 (''nishikigoi'') in Japanese, 鯉魚 ([[pinyin]]: ''lĭ yú'') in Chinese) is a domesticated ornamental variety that originated in the Niigata region of [[Japan]] in the 1820s,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mpks.org/articles/RayJordan/KoiHistory3.shtml |title=Ray Jordan Koi History |access-date=2009-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090723111340/http://www.mpks.org/articles/RayJordan/KoiHistory3.shtml |archive-date=2009-07-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> but its parent species are likely the East Asian carp, possibly ''[[Cyprinus rubrofuscus|C. rubrofuscus]]''.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /><ref name=Craig2015/>