Editing Comic strip (section)

==Newspapers<!--'Newspaper strip' and 'Newspaper strips' redirect here-->==
The first newspaper comic strips appeared in North America in the late 19th century.<ref name="Robinson">{{cite book | last=Robinson | first=Jerry | author-link=Jerry Robinson | title=The Comics: An Illustrated History of Comic Strip Art | year=1974 | publisher=[[G. P. Putnam's Sons]]}}</ref> ''[[The Yellow Kid]]'' is usually credited as one of the first '''newspaper strips'''<!--boldface per WP:R#PLA-->. However, the art form combining words and pictures developed gradually and there are many examples which led up to the comic strip.

''[[The Glasgow Looking Glass]]'' was the first mass-produced publication to tell stories using illustrations and is regarded as the world's first comic strip. It satirised the political and social life of Scotland in the 1820s. It was conceived and illustrated by William Heath.

[[Swiss people|Swiss]] author and caricature artist [[Rodolphe Töpffer]] (Geneva, 1799–1846) is considered the father of the modern comic strips. His illustrated stories such as ''[[Histoire de Mr. Vieux Bois]]'' (1827), first published in the US in 1842 as ''The Adventures of Obadiah Oldbuck'' or ''Histoire de Monsieur Jabot'' (1831), inspired subsequent generations of German and American comic artists. In 1865, [[Germany|German]] painter, author, and caricaturist [[Wilhelm Busch]] created the strip ''[[Max and Moritz]]'', about two trouble-making boys, which had a direct influence on the American comic strip. ''Max and Moritz'' was a series of seven severely moralistic tales in the vein of German children's stories such as ''[[Struwwelpeter]]'' ("Shockheaded Peter"). In the story's final act, the boys, after perpetrating some mischief, are tossed into a sack of grain, run through a mill, and consumed by a flock of geese (without anybody mourning their demise). ''Max and Moritz'' provided an inspiration for German immigrant [[Rudolph Dirks]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.bl.uk/european/2015/12/two-bad-boys-seven-pranks-and-one-childrens-classic.html|title=Two bad boys, seven pranks and one children's classic – European studies blog|website=blogs.bl.uk|access-date=2019-07-29}}</ref> who created the ''[[Katzenjammer Kids]]'' in 1897—a strip starring two German-American boys visually modelled on ''Max and Moritz''. Familiar comic-strip iconography such as stars for pain, sawing logs for snoring, speech balloons, and thought balloons originated in Dirks' strip.<ref name="toon" />

Hugely popular, ''Katzenjammer Kids'' occasioned one of the first comic-strip copyright ownership suits in the history of the medium. When Dirks left [[William Randolph Hearst]] for the promise of a better salary under [[Joseph Pulitzer]], it was an unusual move, since cartoonists regularly deserted Pulitzer for Hearst. In a highly unusual court decision, Hearst retained the rights to the name "Katzenjammer Kids", while creator Dirks retained the rights to the characters. Hearst promptly hired [[Harold Knerr]] to draw his own version of the strip. Dirks renamed his version ''Hans and Fritz'' (later, ''The Captain and the Kids''). Thus, two versions distributed by rival syndicates graced the [[comics page]]s for decades. Dirks' version, eventually distributed by [[United Feature Syndicate]], ran until 1979.

In the United States, the great popularity of [[comics]] sprang from the [[Yellow journalism#Origins: Pulitzer vs. Hearst|newspaper war (1887 onwards) between Pulitzer and Hearst]]. ''[[The Little Bears]]'' (1893–96) was the first [[United States|American]] comic strip with recurring characters, while the first color comic supplement was published by the ''Chicago Inter-Ocean'' sometime in the latter half of 1892, followed by the ''[[New York Journal American|New York Journal]]''{{'}}s first color Sunday comic pages in 1897. On January 31, 1912, Hearst introduced the nation's first full daily comic page in his ''[[New York Journal American|New York Evening Journal]]''.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Smithsonian collection of newspaper comics|year=1977|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|isbn=0-87474-172-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/smithsoniancolle00smit/page/15 15]|author=Bill Blackbeard|author2=Martin T. Williams|url=https://archive.org/details/smithsoniancolle00smit/page/15}}</ref> The history of this newspaper rivalry and the rapid appearance of comic strips in most major American newspapers is discussed by [[Ian Gordon (historian)|Ian Gordon]].{{sfn|Gordon|2002|p=14}} Numerous events in newspaper comic strips have reverberated throughout society at large, though few of these events occurred in recent years, owing mainly to the declining use of continuous storylines on newspaper comic strips, which since the 1970s had been waning as an entertainment form.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cartoonician.com/big-deals-comics-highest-profile-moments/ |title='Big Deals: Comics' Highest-Profile Moments', 1999 |access-date=2013-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630083743/http://cartoonician.com/big-deals-comics-highest-profile-moments/ |archive-date=2013-06-30 |url-status=dead }}</ref> From 1903 to 1905  [[Gustave Verbeek]], wrote his comic series "The UpsideDowns of Old Man Muffaroo and Little Lady Lovekins". These comics were made in such a way that one could read the 6 panel comic, flip the book and keep reading. He made 64 such comics in total.

The longest-running American comic strips are:
# ''[[The Katzenjammer Kids]]'' (1897–2006; 109 years)
# ''[[Gasoline Alley (comic strip)|Gasoline Alley]]'' (1918–present)
# ''[[Ripley's Believe It or Not!]]'' (1918–present)<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.ripleys.com/cartoons/| title = The Ripley's Believe It or Not! cartoon is the longest running cartoon in the world. It has been published since 1918, when Robert Ripley himself was the cartoonist|work=Ripley's Entertainment|date=July 14, 2014}}</ref>
# ''[[Barney Google and Snuffy Smith]]'' (1919–present)
# ''Thimble Theater/[[Popeye]]'' (1919–present)
# ''[[Blondie (comic strip)|Blondie]]'' (1930–present)
# ''[[Dick Tracy]]'' (1931–present)
# ''[[Alley Oop]]'' (1932–present)
# ''[[Bringing Up Father]]'' (1913–2000; 87 years)
# ''[[Little Orphan Annie]]'' (1924–2010; 86 years)<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0831/p13s01-alar.html/%28page%29/2| title = Moeller, Jennifer and Marilyn Gardner. "At 75, Blondie's more modern now, but still ageless". ''Christian Science Monitor'', August 31, 2005.| website = [[The Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref>

Most newspaper comic strips are syndicated; a [[comic strip syndication|syndicate]] hires people to write and draw a strip and then distributes it to many newspapers for a fee. Some newspaper strips begin or remain exclusive to one newspaper. For example, the ''[[Pogo (comics)|Pogo]]'' comic strip by [[Walt Kelly]] originally appeared only in the ''[[PM (newspaper)|New York Star]]'' in 1948 and was not picked up for syndication until the following year.<ref>{{cite book | title=Complete Pogo, Volume 1 | contribution=Introduction | last=Kelly | first=Walt | author-link=Walt Kelly | others=R. C. Harvey | page=v | publisher=[[Fantagraphics Books]] | year=1992 | isbn=1-56097-018-9}}</ref>

Newspaper comic strips come in two different types: [[daily strip]]s and [[Sunday strip]]s. In the United States, a daily strip appears in newspapers on weekdays, Monday through Saturday, as contrasted with a Sunday strip, which typically only appears on Sundays. Daily strips usually are printed in black and white, and Sunday strips are usually in color. However, a few newspapers have published daily strips in color, and some newspapers have published Sunday strips in black and white.