Editing College Green, Dublin (section)

==History and layout==
[[File:College Green, Dublin City, Co. Dublin (36938784044).jpg|thumb|left|College Green circa 1890]]
The area was once known as '''Hoggen Green''' and named after the nunnery of Blessed Virgin Mary del Hogges constructed at this location in 1156 by [[Diarmaid mac Murchadha]].{{sfn|Bennett|2005|p=48}} The name "Hoggen" derives from the [[Old Norse]] word ''haugr'' meaning  [[mound]], or [[tumulus|barrow]]. The cemetery at College Green consisted of several burial mounds, which are thought to have contained the remains of some of the [[Early Scandinavian Dublin|Norse kings of Dublin]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.viking.no/e/info-sheets/ireland/firehous.htm |title=''Hoggen Green'' ("Vikings in Dublin or Dyflin as they called it". Robert O'Connor. Viking Network) |access-date=2009-12-04 |archive-date=2009-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411100732/http://www.viking.no/e/info-sheets/ireland/firehous.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

Between Church Lane and Suffolk Street, the [[Hiberno-Norse]] held their [[Thing (assembly)|Thing]], an assembly and meeting place, which was still to be seen in the 17th century. All along College Green, called  Hoggen Green by the English, lay their barrows.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://runeberg.org/irescan/0034.html |title=''Scandinavian Relations With Ireland During the Viking Period'' (A. Walsh, author. Dublin: The Talbot Press Limited. 1922) |access-date=2010-03-29 |archive-date=2011-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223005714/http://runeberg.org/irescan/0034.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Hoggen gave its name to the convent of St Mary de Hogges, which stood roughly where the Bank of Ireland is now and was a major landowner in the area until the [[Reformation]]. Originally laid out as a triangular green, it is now a rough trapezoid. The site has been historically used in celebration, with newly appointed Viceroys of Ireland being welcomed on the street.{{sfn|Casey|2005|p=377}}

[[Trinity College Dublin|Trinity College]] was founded on the street's east side in 1592. The west front's facade was designed by [[Theodore Jacobsen]] and added in 1751, funded partially by government duties on [[tobacco]] imported from [[slave plantation]]s in the [[West Indies]].<ref> {{Cite web |title=Links to slave trade evident across Ireland |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/links-to-slave-trade-evident-across-ireland-1.4276650 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=The Irish Times |language=en}} </ref> Several public monuments stand in College Green, including a 19th-century statue facing the college of old Irish Parliament member [[Henry Grattan]], designed by [[John Henry Foley]].{{sfn|Bennett|2005|p=48}}

By the time Charles Brooking published his map of Dublin in 1728, College Green had developed from a rural thoroughfare and properties had been built on both sides of the street.{{sfn|Maxwell|1997|pp=57-58}}

[[File:King William Statue 1.jpg|thumbnail|Statue of William of Orange on College Green, erected in 1701. It was severely damaged in an explosion in 1928, and removed in 1929.]]

A statue of King [[William III of England]] on horseback was constructed in the centre of College Green in 1701 by [[Grinling Gibbons]]. The statue was historically the site of celebrations marking the King's birthday on 4 November, with a procession through the city and a parade around the statue. These celebrations during the age of the [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]] [[single party state]] were recorded by [[Mary Delany]], who wrote that the King was "idolized here almost to superstition." After the formation of the ultra-Whig [[Orange Order]] in 1795 and the [[Rebellion of 1798]], the statue became a target for the fervour of both sides. The statue was routinely decorated with orange ribbons and lilies, with the railings painted orange, but it was also frequently defaced, painted with pitch and there was one attempt to remove the head.{{sfn|Maxwell|1997|p=88-89}}
[[File:1868 Dublin visit by Prince & Princess of Wales.jpg|left|thumb|Illustration of royal procession going past College Green, 1868]]
The engraving "Visit of the Prince and Princess of Wales to Ireland: The Royal Procession passing College-Green, Dublin" published in the 25 April 1868 issue of ''[[The Illustrated London News]]'' depicted a group of children who had climbed up to the pedestal of the statue of William III to get a better view.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cappock |first=Margarita |date=25 May 2023 |title=The Royal Visits to Dublin |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30101221 |journal=Dublin Historical Record |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=94–107 |jstor=30101221}}</ref>

The statue is also featured in [[James Joyce]]'s story "[[The Dead (Joyce short story)|The Dead]]". The statue continued to be attacked and defaced numerous times through the 19th and 20th centuries, leading to many repairs.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Doherty|first=Neal|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/907195579|title=The complete guide to the statues and sculptures of Dublin City|publisher=|year=2015|isbn=978-1-909895-72-0|location=Dublin|pages=73–74|oclc=907195579}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-02|title=Statue of King William III|url=https://www.dublincity.ie/library/blog/statue-king-william-iii|access-date=2021-01-27|website=Dublin City Council|language=en|archive-date=2021-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605044844/https://www.dublincity.ie/library/blog/statue-king-william-iii|url-status=live}}</ref> The annual parades and processions ceased in 1823.{{sfn|Maxwell|1997|p=89}} It was eventually taken down after 277 years when it was badly damaged in an explosion on 11 November 1928, [[Armistice Day]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Equestrian statue of King William III, outside the Bank of Ireland, Dublin|url=https://talbot.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/search/catalog/schaaf-2636|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122080020/https://talbot.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/search/catalog/schaaf-2636|archive-date=2021-01-22|access-date=2021-01-27|website=The William Henry Fox Talbot Catalogue Raisonné}}</ref> with the head having been stolen in 1929. The area was the temporary site of an air raid shelter during [[World War II]]. 

In 1966, a statue of the poet and nationalist [[Thomas Davis (Young Irelander)|Thomas Davis]] was constructed in the centre of College Green, to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the [[Easter Rising]]. The design includes a fountain designed by [[Edward Delaney]],{{sfn|Bennett|2005|p=49}} featuring four figures with trumpets which represent the four [[provinces of Ireland]].<ref name=":0" />