Editing Clanging (section)

== As a type of formal thought disorder ==

[[Thought disorder|Formal thought disorders]] (FTD) are a syndrome with several symptoms, leading to thought, language and communication problems, being a core feature in schizophrenia.<ref name="Andreasen Grove 1986">{{cite journal |last1=Andreasen |first1=Nancy C. |last2=Grove |first2=William M. |title=Thought, language, and communication in schizophrenia: diagnosis and prognosis |journal=Schizophrenia Bulletin |date=1986 |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=348–359 |doi=10.1093/schbul/12.3.348 |pmid=3764356 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Thought disorders are measured using the Thought, Language and Communication Scale (TLC) developed by Andreasen in 1986.<ref name="Andreasen Grove 1986"/> This measures tendencies of 18 subtypes of formal thought disorder (with strong inter-coder reliability) including clanging as a type of FTD.

The TLC scale for FTD sub-types remains the standard and most inclusive – so clanging is officially recognised as a type of FTD.{{sfn|Steuber|2011|p={{page needed|date=March 2023}}}}

There has been much debate about whether FTDs are a symptom of thought or language, yet the basis for FTD analysis is the verbal behaviour of the patients. As a result, whether abnormal speech among individuals with schizophrenia is a result of abnormal neurology, abnormal thought or linguistic processes – researchers agree that people with schizophrenia do have abnormal language.{{sfn|Steuber|2011|p={{page needed|date=March 2023}}}}