Editing Cisgender (section)

== History and usage of the term ==

=== Coinage ===

==== German ====
Marquis Bey states that "proto-cisgender discourse" arose in German in 1914, when [[Ernst Burchard]] introduced the cis/trans distinction to [[sexology]] by contrasting "''cisvestitismus'', or a type of inclination to wear gender-conforming clothing, [...] with ''transvestitismus'', or cross-dressing."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bey |first=Marquis |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1290721475 |title=Cistem Failure: Essays on Blackness and Cisgender |publisher=Duke University Press |year=2022 |isbn=9781478018445 |location=Durham |pages=29 |chapter=Heart of Cisness |oclc=1290721475}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Burchard |first1=Ernst |title=Lexikon des gesamten Sexuallebens |date=1914 |publisher=Adler-Verlag GmbH |location=Berlin |page=32 |url=https://portal.dnb.de/bookviewer/view/1098541251#page/32/mode/2up |access-date=22 June 2023 |language=de |quote=Cisvestitismus, die Neigung, die Kleidung einer anderen Altersstufe, Volks- oder Berufsklasse des gleichen Geschlechts zum Zwecke sexueller Entspannung anzulegen, dem Transvestitismus verwandt.}}</ref> German [[sexology|sexologist]] [[Volkmar Sigusch]] used the term ''cissexual'' ({{lang|de|zissexuell}} in German) in his two-part 1991 article "{{lang|de|Die Transsexuellen und unser nosomorpher Blick}}" ("Transsexuals and our nosomorphic view"); in 1998, he said he had coined the term there.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sigusch |first=Volkmar |author-link=Volkmar Sigusch |date=February 1998 |title=The Neosexual Revolution |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=331–359 |doi=10.1023/A:1018715525493 |pmid=9681118 |s2cid=25826510}}</ref>

==== English ====
The term ''cisgender'' was coined in English in 1994 in a [[Usenet]] newsgroup about transgender topics<ref name="aha" /> as Dana Defosse, then a graduate student, sought a way to refer to non-transgender people that avoided marginalizing transgender people or implying that transgender people were an [[Other (philosophy)|other]].<ref name="Defosse2023"/> John Hollister used it that same year. In 1995, Carl Buijs used it, apparently coining it independently.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cava |first=Peter |date=2016 |title=Cisgender and Cissexual |url=http://www.petercava.com/uploads/2/3/1/9/23191072/cava_cisgender_and_cissexual.pdf |access-date=June 22, 2024 |website=The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Matthews |first=Donna Lynn |date=May 1999 |title=Definitions |url=http://cydathria.com/ms_donna/tg_def.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000524175329/http://cydathria.com/ms_donna/tg_def.html |archive-date=May 24, 2000 |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=cydathria.com}}</ref>

=== Academic use ===

Medical academics use the term and have recognized its importance in transgender studies since the 1990s.<ref name="Aultman">{{cite journal |title = Cisgender |journal = TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly |volume = 1 |issue = 1–2 |last = Aultman |first = B |year = 2014 |doi = 10.1215/23289252-2399614 |page = 61 |doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Psychology & Psychiatry Journal">{{cite journal |date = 2015 |title = Re-assessing the Role of Gender-Related Cognitions for Self-Esteem: The Importance of Gender Typicality for Cisgender Adults |journal = Psychology & Psychiatry Journal |volume = 72 |issue = 5–6 |pages = 221–236 |doi = 10.1007/s11199-015-0458-0 |last1 = Tate |first1 = Charlotte Chucky |last2 = Bettergarcia |first2 = Jay N. |last3 = Brent |first3 = Lindsay M. |s2cid = 18437100 }}</ref><ref name="Mental Health Weekly Digest">{{cite journal |date = 2015 |title = New Mental Health Study Findings Have Been Reported by Investigators at Brown University (Gender Minority Stress, Mental Health, and Relationship Quality: A Dyadic Investigation of Transgender Women and Their Cisgender Male Partners) |journal = Mental Health Weekly Digest |volume = 9 |pages = 224 }}</ref> After the terms ''cisgender'' and ''cissexual'' were used in a 2006 article in the ''Journal of Lesbian Studies''<ref>{{cite journal |last1 = Green |first1 = Eli R. |title = Debating Trans Inclusion in the Feminist Movement: A Trans-Positive Analysis |journal = Journal of Lesbian Studies |date = 2006 |volume = 10 |issue = 1–2 |pages = 231–248 |doi = 10.1300/J155v10n01_12 |pmid = 16873223 |s2cid = 40988200 }}</ref> and Serano's 2007 book ''[[Whipping Girl]]'',<ref name="Serano" /> the former gained further popularity among English-speaking activists and scholars.<ref>{{Cite thesis |author-link = Carla A. Pfeffer |last = Pfeffer |first = Carla |title = Trans (Formative) Relationships: What We Learn About Identities, Bodies, Work and Families from Women Partners of Trans Men |type = Ph.D |location = University of Michigan |year = 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |author-link = Rhaisa K. Williams |last = Williams |first = Rhaisa |title = Contradictory Realities, Infinite Possibilities: Language Mobilization and Self-Articulation Amongst Black Trans Women |journal = Penn McNair Research Journal |volume = 2 |issue = 1 |date = November 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last = Drescher |first = Jack |author-link = Jack Drescher |title = Queer Diagnoses: Parallels and Contrasts in the History of Homosexuality, Gender Variance, and the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual'' |journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior |doi = 10.1007/s10508-009-9531-5 |date = September 2009 |volume = 39 |issue = 2 |pages = 427–460 |pmid = 19838785 |s2cid = 13062141 }}</ref> ''Cisgender'' was added to the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' in 2015, defined as "designating a person whose sense of personal identity corresponds to the sex and gender assigned to him or her at birth (in contrast with transgender)".<ref name=oed>{{cite web |last1 = Martin |first1 = Katherine |title = New words notes June 2015 |url = http://public.oed.com/the-oed-today/recent-updates-to-the-oed/june-2015-update/new-words-notes-june-2015/ |website = Oxford English Dictionary |publisher = Oxford University Press |access-date = August 2, 2015 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150814051905/http://public.oed.com/the-oed-today/recent-updates-to-the-oed/june-2015-update/new-words-notes-june-2015/ |archive-date = August 14, 2015 }}</ref> ''[[Perspectives on History]]'' states that since this inclusion, the term has increasingly become common usage.<ref name="aha">{{Cite web |title=Tracing Terminology {{!}} Perspectives on History {{!}} AHA |url=https://www.historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectives-on-history/may-2017/tracing-terminology-researching-early-uses-of-cisgender |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514144840/https://www.historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectives-on-history/may-2017/tracing-terminology-researching-early-uses-of-cisgender |archive-date=May 14, 2021 |access-date=August 1, 2019 |website=[[American Historical Association]]}}</ref>

=== Social media ===

In February 2014, [[Facebook]] began offering "custom" gender options, allowing users to identify with one or more gender-related terms from a selected list, including ''cis'', ''cisgender'', and others.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/13/tech/social-media/facebook-gender-custom/index.html |title = Facebook goes beyond 'male' and 'female' with new gender options |access-date = February 13, 2014 |author = Brandon Griggs |website = [[CNN]] |date = February 13, 2014 |archive-date = March 8, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210308155048/https://www.cnn.com/2014/02/13/tech/social-media/facebook-gender-custom/index.html |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://bigstory.ap.org/article/facebooks-new-gender-identity-options |title = Facebook's New Gender Identity Options |author = The Associated Press |access-date = February 14, 2014 |archive-date = February 22, 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140222220022/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/facebooks-new-gender-identity-options |url-status = dead }}</ref>