Editing Chromatography (section)

==History==
{{Main|History of chromatography}}

The method was developed by botanist [[Mikhail Tsvet]] in 1901–1905 in universities of [[Kazan Federal University|Kazan]] and [[University of Warsaw|Warsaw]].<ref name="Ettre-2011">{{cite book|veditors = Ettre LS, Zlatkis A|title=75 Years of Chromatography: A Historical Dialogue|date=2011-08-26|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-085817-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Ettre |first=Leslie S. |date=May 2003 |title=M.S. Tswett and the Invention of Chromatography |url=https://cdn.sanity.io/files/0vv8moc6/chroma/1d8bd9c34045ef61d93b9002b40e9335d19de2ed.pdf/article-56954.pdf |journal=LCGC North America |volume=21 |issue=5 |pages=458–467}}</ref> He developed the technique and coined the term ''chromatography'' in the first decade of the 20th century, primarily for the separation of plant [[pigment]]s such as [[chlorophyll]], [[carotene]]s, and [[xanthophyll]]s. Since these components separate in bands of different colors (green, orange, and yellow, respectively) they directly inspired the name of the technique. New types of chromatography developed during the 1930s and 1940s made the technique useful for many [[separation processes]].<ref>{{cite journal| vauthors = Ettre LS, Sakodynskii KI |title=M. S. Tswett and the discovery of chromatography II: Completion of the development of chromatography (1903–1910)|journal=Chromatographia|date=March 1993|volume=35|issue=5–6|pages=329–338|doi=10.1007/BF02277520|s2cid=97052560}}</ref>

Chromatography technique developed substantially as a result of the work of [[Archer John Porter Martin]] and [[Richard Laurence Millington Synge]] during the 1940s and 1950s, for which they won the 1952 [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1952/|website=nobelprize.org|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> They established the principles and basic techniques of partition chromatography, and their work encouraged the rapid development of several chromatographic methods: [[paper chromatography]], [[gas chromatography]], and what would become known as [[high-performance liquid chromatography]]. Since then, the technology has advanced rapidly. Researchers found that the main principles of Tsvet's chromatography could be applied in many different ways, resulting in the different varieties of chromatography described below. Advances are continually improving the technical performance of chromatography, allowing the separation of increasingly similar molecules.