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== Education and military career == Hadfield attended [[White Oaks Secondary School]] in [[Oakville, Ontario]] until his senior year and then graduated as an [[Ontario Scholar]] from [[Milton District High School]] in 1977. As a member of the [[Royal Canadian Air Cadets]], he earned a glider pilot scholarship at age 15 and a powered pilot scholarship at age 16. After graduating from high school in 1978, he joined the [[Canadian Armed Forces]] and spent two years at [[Royal Roads Military College]] followed by two years at the [[Royal Military College of Canada]], where he received a [[Bachelor of Engineering|B.Eng.]] degree ([[Honours degree|with honours]]) in [[mechanical engineering]] in 1982.<ref name="CBCNews-2012.12.07" /> He also conducted his post-graduate research at the [[University of Waterloo]] in 1982.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 3, 2013|title=Chris Hadfield comes home|url=https://uwaterloo.ca/stories/chris-hadfield-comes-home|access-date=June 30, 2020|website=Waterloo Stories|language=en}}</ref> Before graduating, he also underwent basic flight training at [[Canadian Forces Base Portage la Prairie|CFB Portage la Prairie]]. In 1983, he took honours as the top graduate from Basic Jet Training at [[Canadian Forces Base Moose Jaw|CFB Moose Jaw]], and then went on to train as a tactical fighter pilot with [[410 Tactical Fighter Operational Training Squadron]] at [[Canadian Forces Base Cold Lake|CFB Cold Lake]], flying the [[Canadair CF-5|Canadair CF-116 Freedom Fighter]] and the [[McDonnell Douglas CF-18 Hornet]]. After completing his fighter training, Hadfield flew CF-18 Hornets with [[425 Tactical Fighter Squadron]], flying intercept missions for [[NORAD]]. He was the first CF-18 pilot to intercept a Soviet [[Tupolev Tu-95|Tupolev Tu 95]] long-range bomber in the Canadian Arctic.<ref name="csabio">{{cite web |title=Biography of Chris Hadfield |url=http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/astronauts/biohadfield.asp |publisher=Canadian Space Agency |date=April 13, 2013}}</ref> In the late 1980s, Hadfield attended the [[US Air Force Test Pilot School|U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School]] at [[Edwards Air Force Base]] and served as an exchange officer with the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] at Strike Test Directorate at the [[Patuxent River Naval Air Station]]. His accomplishments from 1989 to 1992 included testing the [[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet]] and [[LTV A-7 Corsair II]] aircraft; performing research work with NASA on pitch control margin simulation and flight; completing the first military flight of F/A-18 enhanced performance engines; piloting the first flight test of the [[Rockwell X-30|National Aerospace Plane]] external burning hydrogen propulsion engine; developing a new handling qualities rating scale for high angle-of-attack test; and participating in the F/A-18 out-of-control recovery test program.<ref name="csabio" /> In May 1992, Hadfield graduated with an [[Master of Science|M.Sc.]] degree in [[aviation system]]s from the [[University of Tennessee Space Institute]], where his thesis concerned high-angle attack aerodynamics of the F/A-18 Hornet fighter jet.<ref name=utsi-grad>{{cite press release |url=http://www.utk.edu/tntoday/1995/11/14/utsi-grad-aboard-atlantis-space-shuttle/ |title=UTSI Grad Aboard Atlantis Space Shuttle |publisher=University of Tennessee Knoxville |date=November 14, 1995 |access-date=June 27, 2013}}</ref> In total, Hadfield has flown over 70 different types of aircraft.<ref name="csabio" />
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