Editing Chloride (section)

==Reactions of chloride==
Chloride can be oxidized but not reduced. The first oxidation, as employed in the chlor-alkali process, is conversion to chlorine gas. Chlorine can be further oxidized to other oxides and oxyanions including [[hypochlorite]] (ClO<sup>−</sup>, the active ingredient in chlorine [[bleach]]), [[chlorine dioxide]] (ClO<sub>2</sub>), [[chlorate]] ({{chem|ClO|3|−}}), and [[perchlorate]] ({{chem|ClO|4|−}}).

In terms of its acid–base properties, chloride is a [[weak base]] as indicated by the negative value of the [[pKa|p''K''<sub>a</sub>]] of hydrochloric acid. Chloride can be protonated by [[strong acid]]s, such as sulfuric acid:
:NaCl + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> → NaHSO<sub>4</sub> + HCl

Ionic chloride salts react with other salts to exchange anions. The presence of halide ions like chloride can be detected using [[silver nitrate]]. A solution containing chloride ions will produce a white [[silver chloride]] precipitate:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Testing for halide ions - Group 0 and testing ions - GCSE Chemistry (Single Science) Revision - WJEC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zm426yc/revision/2 |access-date=2022-03-03 |website=BBC Bitesize |language=en-GB}}</ref>
:Cl<sup>−</sup> + Ag<sup>+</sup> → AgCl

The concentration of chloride in an assay can be determined using a [[chloridometer]], which detects silver ions once all chloride in the assay has precipitated via this reaction.

[[Silver chloride electrode|Chlorided silver electrodes]] are commonly used in {{Lang|la|ex vivo}} [[electrophysiology]].<ref>Molleman, Areles (2003). "Patch Clamping: An Introductory Guide to Patch Clamp Electrophysiology". Wiley & Sons. {{ISBN|978-0-471-48685-5}}.</ref>