Editing Chevy Chase, Maryland (section)

==History==

===19th century===
In the 1880s, Senator [[Francis G. Newlands]] of [[Nevada]] and his partners began acquiring farmland in unincorporated areas of Maryland and just inside the District of Columbia, for the purpose of developing a residential [[streetcar suburb]] for [[Washington, D.C.]], during the expansion of the [[Washington streetcars]] system. Newlands and his partners founded [[The Chevy Chase Land Company]] in 1890, and its holdings of more than {{convert|1700|acre|km2}} eventually extended along the present-day [[Connecticut Avenue]] from [[Florida Avenue]] north to Jones Bridge Road. 

Newlands, an avowed [[White supremacy|white supremacist]], and his development company took steps to ensure that residents of its new suburbs would be wealthy and white;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Flanagan |first=Neil |date=2017-11-02 |title=The Battle of Fort Reno |url=http://washingtoncitypaper.com/article/188488/the-battle-of-fort-reno/ |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=Washington City Paper |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522110811/https://washingtoncitypaper.com/article/188488/the-battle-of-fort-reno/ |url-status=live }}</ref> for example, "requiring, in the deed to the land, that only a single-family detached house costing a large amount of money could be constructed. The Chevy Chase Land Company did not include explicit bars against non-white people, known as racial covenants, but the mandated cost of the house made it impractical for all but the wealthiest non-white people to buy the land." Houses were required to cost $5,000 and up on [[Connecticut Avenue]] and $3,000 and up on side streets.<ref>{{cite book | title=Selling Culture: Magazines, Markets, and Class at the Turn of the Century | url=https://archive.org/details/makingsellingcul00ohma | url-access=registration | first=Richard Malin | last=Ohmann | publisher=Verso | year=1996}}</ref> The company banned commerce from the residential neighborhoods.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bethesdamagazine.com/Bethesda-Magazine/November-December-2009/The-Beginning-of-Chevy-Chase-and-Friendship-Heights/index.php | title=The History of Chevy Chase and Friendship Heights | first=Steve | last=Dryden | work=[[Bethesda Magazine]] | year=1999 | access-date=2017-11-02 | archive-date=2013-06-15 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615072448/http://www.bethesdamagazine.com/Bethesda-Magazine/November-December-2009/The-Beginning-of-Chevy-Chase-and-Friendship-Heights/index.php? | url-status=live }}</ref>  

[[Leon E. Dessez]] was Chevy Chase's first resident. He and [[Lindley Johnson]] of [[Philadelphia]] designed the first four houses in the area.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000bene | url-access=registration | page=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000bene/page/53 53] | title=Historical Dictionary of Washington | first1=Robert | last1=Benedetto | first2=Jane | last2=Donovan | first3=Kathleen Du | last3=Vall | publisher=Scarecrow Press | year=2003| isbn=9780810840942 }}</ref>

Toward the northern end of its holdings, the Land Company dammed [[Coquelin Run]], a stream that crossed its land, to create the manmade [[Chevy Chase Lake]]. The body of water furnished water to the coal-fired generators that powered the streetcars of the Land Company's [[Rock Creek Railway]]. The streetcar soon became vital to the community; it connected workers to the city, and even ran errands for residents. 

The lake was also the centerpiece of the Land Company's Chevy Chase Lake [[trolley park]], a venue for boating, swimming, and other activities meant to draw city dwellers to the new suburb.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 27, 2010 |title=The History of Chevy Chase and Friendship Heights |work=[[Bethesda Magazine]] |url=https://bethesdamagazine.com/bethesda-magazine/november-december-2009/the-beginning-of-chevy-chase-and-friendship-heights-2/ |access-date=October 24, 2018 |archive-date=October 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024073727/https://bethesdamagazine.com/bethesda-magazine/november-december-2009/the-beginning-of-chevy-chase-and-friendship-heights-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Similar considerations led the Land Company to build a hotel at 7100 Connecticut Avenue; it opened it in 1894 as the Chevy Chase Spring Hotel and was later renamed the Chevy Chase Inn. "The hotel failed to attract sufficient patrons, especially during the winter months," wrote the Chevy Chase Historical Society, and in 1895, the Land Company leased the property for a year to the Young Ladies Seminary.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Fashionable Suburban Location {{!}} Chevy Chase Historical Society |url=https://chevychasehistory.org/fashionable-suburban-location |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=chevychasehistory.org}}</ref> 

Part of the original Cheivy Chace patent had been sold to [[Abraham Bradley]], who built an estate known as the Bradley Farm.<ref name="chevychasehistory.org">{{Cite web|url=http://www.chevychasehistory.org/chevychase/naming-chevy-chase|title=The Naming of Chevy Chase {{!}} Chevy Chase Historical Society|website=www.chevychasehistory.org|language=en|access-date=2018-10-24|archive-date=2018-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024073616/http://www.chevychasehistory.org/chevychase/naming-chevy-chase|url-status=live}}</ref>  In 1892, Newlands and other members of the [[Metropolitan Club (Washington, D.C.)|Metropolitan Club]] of Washington, D.C., founded a hunt club called Chevy Chase Hunt, which would later become Chevy Chase Club.  In 1894, the club located itself on the former Bradley Farm property under a lease from its owners.  The club introduced a six-hole golf course to its members in 1895, and purchased the 9.36-acre Bradley Farm tract in 1897.<ref>[http://montgomeryhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Vol44No4_MCStory.pdf Early Days at the Chevy Chase Club] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024192217/http://montgomeryhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Vol44No4_MCStory.pdf |date=2018-10-24 }}, The Montgomery County Story, Montgomery County Historical Society, November 2001</ref><ref name="chevychasehistory.org"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chevychaseclub.org/public/club-history|title=Chevy Chase Club - Club History|website=www.chevychaseclub.org|language=en-us|access-date=2018-10-24|archive-date=2018-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024112949/https://www.chevychaseclub.org/public/club-history|url-status=live}}</ref>

===20th century===
In 1906, the Chevy Chase Land Company blocked a proposed subdivision called [[Belmont (Chevy Chase, Maryland Subdivision)|Belmont]] after they learned its Black developers aimed to sell house lots to other African Americans. In subsequent litigation, the company and its affiliates argued that those developers had committed fraud by proposing "to sell lots...to negroes."<ref name="everyman">{{cite news |last=Fisher |first=Marc |date=February 15, 1999 |title=Chevy Chase, 1916: For Everyman, a New Lot in Life |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/2000/chevychase0215.htm |access-date=September 20, 2017 |archive-date=July 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706004818/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/2000/chevychase0215.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

By the 1920s, [[restrictive covenant]]s were added to Chevy Chase real estate deeds. Some prohibited both the sale or rental of homes to "a Negro or one of the African race." Others prohibited sales or rentals to "any persons of the Semetic [''[[sic]]''] race"—i.e., [[Jews]].<ref name="everyman" /> 

By World War II, such restrictive language had largely disappeared from real estate transactions, and all were voided by the 1948 Supreme Court decision in ''[[Shelley v. Kraemer]]''.

In 1964, [[Arthur Krock]] wrote an article for ''[[The New York Times]]'' alleging that the Chevy Chase Country Club barred "Negroes" and "one ethnic group of Caucasians" from membership. In response, Club president Randall H. Hagnar denied that the club excluded Black or Jewish people; he said that no members were African-Americans but that several were Jewish.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jta.org/archive/chevy-chase-country-club-denies-excluding-jews-from-membership |title=Chevy Chase Country Club Denies Excluding Jews from Membership |publisher=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]] |accessdate=2023-06-20 |archive-date=2023-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620052459/https://www.jta.org/archive/chevy-chase-country-club-denies-excluding-jews-from-membership |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1903, Lea M. Bouligny bought the old Chevy Chase Inn and founded the [[Chevy Chase College and Seminary]].<ref name=":0" /> The name was changed to [[Chevy Chase Junior College]] in 1927. The National 4-H Club Foundation purchased the property in 1951,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Schools of Section Four - Chevy Chase Historical Society |url=http://www.chevychasehistory.org/chevychase/schools-section-four |publisher=Chevy Chase Historical Society |access-date=2017-04-12 |archive-date=2017-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512072419/http://www.chevychasehistory.org/chevychase/schools-section-four |url-status=live }}</ref> turning it into the group's Youth Conference Center. For decades, the center hosted the National 4-H Conference, an event for 4-Hers throughout the nation to attend, and the annual [[National Science Bowl]] in late April or early May.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy, National Science Bowl® |url=https://science.energy.gov/wdts/nsb/national-finals/ |publisher=[[United States Department of Energy]] |access-date=2017-11-02 |archive-date=2017-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813194805/https://science.energy.gov/wdts/nsb/national-finals/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 21st century ===
The  National 4-H Club Foundation sold the center in 2021 for $40 million; as of 2022, it is to be replaced by a senior living development.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schere |first=Dan |date=2021-12-21 |title=Sale of 4-H site in Chevy Chase finalized for $40 million |url=https://bethesdamagazine.com/bethesda-beat/development/sale-of-4-h-site-in-chevy-chase-finalized-for-40-million/ |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=Bethesda Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524035940/https://bethesdamagazine.com/bethesda-beat/development/sale-of-4-h-site-in-chevy-chase-finalized-for-40-million/ |url-status=live }}</ref>