Editing Charles University (section)

===Medieval university (1349–1419)===
The establishment of a [[medieval university]] in [[Prague]] was inspired by [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles IV]].<ref>Charles was since 11 July 1346 [[antiking]] of Romans, since 26 August 1346 [[king of Bohemia]], since 17 June 1349 lawful king of Romans as Charles IV and from 5 April 1355 [[Holy Roman Emperor]].</ref> He requested his friend and ally, [[Pope Clement VI]], to create the university. On 26 January 1347, the pope issued the bull establishing a university in Prague, modeled on the [[University of Paris]], with all four [[faculty (division)|faculties]], including [[theology]]. On 7 April 1348 Charles, the king of Bohemia, gave to the established university privileges and immunities from the secular power in a [[Golden Bull]]<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cuni.cz/UK-145.html | title = Littera fundationis Universitatis Carolinae Pragensis | date = 7 April 1348 | language = la}}</ref> and on 14 January 1349 he repeated that as the [[King of the Romans]]. Most [[Czechs|Czech]] sources since the 19th century—encyclopedias, general histories, materials of the university itself—prefer to give 1348 as the year of the founding of the university, rather than 1347 or 1349. That was caused by an [[Anti-clericism|anticlerical]] shift in the 19th century, shared by both Czechs and [[Germans]].

[[File:Medieval Class Bohemia.JPG|thumb|left|Teacher and students shown in a medieval manuscript from Bohemia]]
The university was opened in 1349. The university was sectioned into parts called ''[[Nation (university)|nations]]'': the [[Bohemia]]n, [[Bavaria]]n, [[Poland|Polish]] and [[Saxony|Saxon]]. The Bohemian ''natio'' included Bohemians, Moravians, southern Slavs, and Hungarians; the Bavarian included Austrians, [[Swabia]]ns, natives of [[Franconia]] and of the [[Rhine provinces]]; the Polish included [[Silesia]]ns, [[Polish people|Poles]], Ruthenians; the Saxon included inhabitants of the [[Margravate of Meissen]], [[Thuringia]], Upper and Lower Saxony, Denmark, and Sweden.<ref name = "CE">{{CathEncy|wstitle=University of Prague}}</ref> Ethnically Czech students made 16–20% of all students.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cs-magazin.com/2005-03/view.php?article=articles/cs050334.htm | title = Sedmdesátileté výročí insigniády z jiného pohledu | work = CS Magazin | first = Václav | last = Chyský | date = March 2005 | language = cs | access-date = 21 June 2009 | archive-date = 28 February 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190228235612/http://www.cs-magazin.com/2005-03/view.php?article=articles%2Fcs050334.htm | url-status = dead}}</ref> Archbishop [[Arnošt of Pardubice]] took an active part in the foundation by obliging the clergy to contribute and became a [[chancellor (education)|chancellor]] of the university (i.e., director or manager).

The first graduate was promoted in 1359. The lectures were held in the colleges, of which the oldest was named for the king the ''[[Karolinum|Carolinum]]'', established in 1366. In 1372 the [[Faculty of Law]] became an independent university.<ref>{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=EEABAAAAYAAJ | title = Album, seu Matricula Facultatis juridicae, 1372–1418, e codice membranaceo illius aetatis nunc primum luce donatum: Codex diplomaticus universitatis ejusdem | language = la | year = 1834 | author1 = Prague | author2 = Universität, Bohemia}}</ref>

In 1402 [[Jerome of Prague]] in [[Oxford]] copied out the ''Dialogus'' and ''Trialogus'' of [[John Wycliffe]]. The dean of the philosophical faculty, [[Jan Hus]], translated ''Trialogus'' into the [[Czech language]]. In 1403 the university forbade its members to follow the teachings of Wycliffe, but his doctrine continued to gain in popularity.

In the [[Western Schism]], the Bohemian ''nation'' took the side of king [[Wenceslaus, Holy Roman Emperor|Wenceslaus]] and supported the [[Council of Pisa]] (1409). The other ''nations'' of the university declared their support for the side of [[Pope Gregory XII]], thus the vote was 1:3 against the Bohemians. Hus and other Bohemians, though, took advantage of Wenceslaus' opposition to Gregory. By the [[Decree of Kutná Hora]] ({{langx|de|Kuttenberg}}) on 18 January 1409, the king subverted the university constitution by granting the Bohemian masters three votes. Only a single vote was left for all other three ''nations'' combined, compared to one vote per each ''nation'' before. The result of this ''coup'' was the emigration of foreign (mostly German) professors and students, founding the [[University of Leipzig]] in May 1409. Before that, in 1408, the university had about 200 doctors and Masters, 500 bachelors, and 30,000 students {{dubious|date=April 2021}}; it now lost a large part of this number, accounts of the loss varying from 5000 to 20,000 {{dubious|date=April 2021}} including 46 professors.<ref name = "CE" />

In the autumn of 1409, Hus was elected rector of the now Czech-dominated rump university. The university became a bastion of the [[Hussites|Hussite movement]] and mostly a regional institution.<ref>[[Lexikon des Mittelalters]]: "Prag. Universität", J.B. Metzler, Vol. 7, cols 163–164</ref> Soon, in 1419, the faculties of theology and law disappeared, and only the [[Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague|faculty of arts]] remained in existence.