Editing Charles Barry (section)

== Early career ==

[[File:All Saints Church, Whitefield.jpg|right|thumb|[[All Saints' Church, Stand|All Saints' Church]], Whitefield]]

While in Rome he had met [[Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne]], through whom he met [[Henry Vassall-Fox, 3rd Baron Holland]], and his wife, [[Elizabeth Fox, Baroness Holland]]. Their London home, [[Holland House, London|Holland House]],<ref>Barry, p. 67</ref> was the centre of the [[Whig (British political party)|Whig Party]]. Barry remained a lifelong supporter of the [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]],<ref name="barry337">Barry, p. 337</ref> the successor to the Whig Party. Barry was invited to the gatherings at the house, and there met many of the prominent members of the group; this led to many of his subsequent commissions. Barry set up his home and office in [[Ely Place]] in 1821.<ref name="Volume 1 2001"/> In 1827 he moved to 27 Foley Place, then in 1842 he moved to 32 [[Great George Street]] and finally to The Elms, [[Clapham Common]].<ref name="barry 324"/> Now 29 Clapham Common Northside, the Georgian house of five bays and three stories<ref>Cherry & Pevsner, p. 385</ref> was designed by [[Samuel Pepys Cockerell]] as his own home.<ref>Watkin, p. 3</ref>

Probably thanks to his fiancée's friendship with [[John Soane]],<ref name="colvin">Colvin, p. 90</ref> Barry was recommended to the [[Commissioners' church|Church Building Commissioners]], and was able to obtain his first major commissions building churches for them. These were in the [[Gothic Revival architecture]] style, including two in [[Lancashire]], [[St Matthew's Church, Manchester]] (1821–22), and [[All Saints' Church, Whitefield]] (or Stand) (1822–25).<ref>Whiffen, p. 5</ref> Barry designed three churches for the Commissioners in [[Islington]]: Holy Trinity,<ref>Cherry & Pevsner, p. 654</ref> St John's<ref>Cherry & Pevsner, p. 656</ref> and St Paul's,<ref>Cherry & Pevsner, p. 658</ref> all in the Gothic style and built between 1826 and 1828.

[[File:Holy Trinity Church, Hurstpierpoint (IoE Code 302614).jpg|left|thumb|upright|Holy Trinity Church, [[Hurstpierpoint]]]]

Two further Gothic churches in Lancashire, not for the Commissioners followed in 1824: [[St Saviour's Church, Ringley]], partially rebuilt in 1851–54, and Barry's neglected [[Welsh Baptist Chapel]], on Upper Brook Street (1837–39)<ref>Whiffen, p. 14</ref> in Manchester (and owned by the [[Manchester City Council|City Council]]), long open to the elements and at serious risk after its roof was removed in late 2005, the building was converted to private apartments in 2014–17. His final church for the Commissioners' was the Gothic [[St Peter's Church, Brighton]] (1824–28),<ref>Nairn & Pevsner, p. 435</ref> which he won in a design competition on 4 August 1823 and was his first building to win acclaim.<ref>Barry, p. 74</ref>

The next church he designed was [[St Andrew's Church, Waterloo Street, Hove|St Andrew's]] [[Hove]], East Sussex,<ref>Nairn & Pevsner, p. 429</ref> in Waterloo Street, Brunswick, (1827–28); the plan of the building is in line with [[Georgian architecture]], though stylistically the [[Italianate architecture|Italianate]] style was used, the only classical church Barry designed that was actually built. The Gothic [[Hurstpierpoint]] church<ref>Nairn & Pevsner, p. 541</ref> (1843–45), with its tower and [[spire]], unlike his earlier churches was much closer to the [[Cambridge Camden Society]]'s approach to church design. According to his son Alfred,<ref>Barry, pp. 68–69</ref> Barry later disowned these early church designs of the 1820s and wished he could destroy them.
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His first major civil commission came when he won a competition to design the new [[Royal Manchester Institution]]<ref>Whiffen, p. 7</ref> (1824–1835) for the promotion of literature, science and arts (now part of the [[Manchester Art Gallery]]), in [[Greek Revival architecture|Greek revival]] style, the only public building by Barry in that style. Also in north-west England, he designed Buile Hill House<ref>Whiffen, p. 13</ref> (1825) in [[Salford, Greater Manchester|Salford]] this is the only known house where Barry used Greek revival architecture. The [[Royal Sussex County Hospital]]<ref>Nairn & Pevsner, p. 444</ref> was erected to Barry's design (1828) in a very plain classical style.

Thomas Attree's [[villa]], [[Queen's Park, Brighton]],<ref>Nairn & Pevsner, pp. 455–456</ref> the only one to be built of a series of villas designed for the area by Barry and the [[Pepper Pot, Brighton|Pepper Pot]] (1830), whose original function was a [[water tower]] for the development. In 1831, he entered the competition for the design of [[Birmingham Town Hall]],<ref>Salmon, p. 157</ref> the design was based on an [[Ancient Greek temple]] of the Doric order, but it failed to win the competition.

The marked preference for Italian architecture, which he acquired during his travels showed itself in various important undertakings of his earlier years, the first significant example being the [[Travellers Club]],<ref>Bradley & Pevsner, pp. 611–613</ref> in [[Pall Mall, London|Pall Mall]], built in 1832, as with all his urban commissions in this style the design was [[astylar]]. He designed the Gothic [[King Edward's School, Birmingham|King Edward's School]],<ref>Barry, pp. 129–132</ref> [[New Street, Birmingham]] (1833–37), demolished 1936, it was during the erection of the school that Barry first met [[Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin]],<ref>Barry, p. 194</ref> he helped Barry design the interiors of the building.
[[File:Reform Club. Upper level of the saloon. From London Interiors (1841).jpg|left|thumb|Saloon, Reform Club, London]]
His last work in Manchester was the Italianate [[Manchester Athenaeum]] (1837–39),<ref>Whiffen, p. 16</ref> this is now part of Manchester Art Gallery. From 1835–37, he rebuilt [[Royal College of Surgeons of England]],<ref>Bradley & Pevsner, p. 311</ref> in [[Lincoln's Inn Fields]], Westminster, he preserved the [[Ionic order|Ionic]] portico from the earlier building (1806–13) designed by [[George Dance the Younger]], the building has been further extended (1887–88) and (1937). In 1837, he won the competition to design the [[Reform Club]],<ref>Barry, p. 92</ref> Pall Mall, London, which is one of his finest Italianate public buildings, notable for its double height central saloon with glazed roof. His favourite building in Rome, the Farnese Palace, influenced the design.{{cn|date=January 2023}}