Editing Castle Howard (section)

==House==
[[File:castlehowardbig.jpg|thumb|350px|A view of [[John Vanbrugh]]'s complete project for Castle Howard, from the north, published in the third volume of ''[[Vitruvius Britannicus]]'' in 1725. Some details, including the West Wing, were not built. Click on the image for an explanation.]]

The 3rd Earl of Carlisle first spoke to [[William Talman (architect)|William Talman]], a leading architect, but commissioned Vanbrugh, a fellow member of the [[Kit-Cat Club]], to design the building. Castle Howard was that gentleman-[[Society of Dilettanti|dilettante]]'s first foray into architecture, but he was assisted by [[Nicholas Hawksmoor]].<ref name="Castle-Howard-Construction"/> Vanbrugh's design evolved into a [[Baroque]] structure with two symmetrical wings projecting to either side of a north–south axis. The crowning central dome was added to the design at a late stage, after building had begun. Construction began at the east end, with the East Wing constructed from 1701 to 1703, the east end of the Garden Front from 1701 to 1706, the Central Block (including dome) from 1703 to 1706, and the west end of the Garden Front from 1707 to 1709. All are exuberantly decorated in Baroque style, with coronets, cherubs, urns and cyphers, with Roman [[Doric order|Doric]] [[pilaster]]s on the north front and [[Corinthian order|Corinthian]] on the south. Many interiors were decorated by [[Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini]].<ref name="Castle-Howard-Construction"/>

[[File:Castle Howard from Jones' Views (1819) - north west view.JPG|thumb|right|300px|A view of Castle Howard in 1819, from the north-west, showing the contrasting [[Palladian]] West Wing at right, which was built in the mid-18th century.]]

The Earl then turned his energies to the surrounding garden and grounds. Although the complete design is shown in the third volume of [[Colen Campbell]]'s ''[[Vitruvius Britannicus]]'', published in 1725, the West Wing was not yet started when Vanbrugh died in 1726, despite his remonstration with the Earl. The house remained incomplete on the death of the 3rd Earl in 1738, but the remaining construction finally started at the direction of the 4th Earl.<ref name="Castle-Howard-Construction"/> Vanbrugh's design was not completed: the West Wing was built in a contrasting Palladian style to a design by the 3rd Earl's son-in-law, [[Sir Thomas Robinson, 1st Baronet|Sir Thomas Robinson]]. The new wing remained incomplete, with no first floor or roof, at the death of the 4th Earl in 1758. Although a roof had been added, the interior remained undecorated by the death of Robinson in 1777. Rooms were completed stage by stage over the following decades, but the whole was not completed until 1811 under [[Charles Heathcote Tatham]].<ref name="Castle-Howard-Construction"/>

A large part of the house was destroyed by a fire on 9 November 1940. The dome, the central hall, the dining room and the staterooms on the east side were entirely destroyed. Antonio Pellegrini's ceiling decoration, the ''Fall of Phaeton'', was lost when the dome collapsed. In total, twenty pictures (including two [[Tintoretto]]s) and several valuable mirrors were lost. The fire took the Malton and York Fire Brigades eight hours to bring under control.<ref>''Hull Daily Mail'', Monday 11 November 1940 p.&nbsp;3</ref> Some of the devastated rooms have been restored over the following decades. In 1960–61 the dome was rebuilt, and in the following couple of years Pellegrini's ''Fall of Phaeton'' was recreated on the underside of the dome<ref name="Castle-Howard-Construction"/> by Canadian artist Scott Medd.<ref>{{cite news |title=Old Mural Replaced |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/131720006 |date=24 May 1963|newspaper=The Canberra Times|access-date=25 April 2025}}</ref> The East Wing remains a shell, although it has been re-roofed.<ref name="Castle-Howard-Construction"/>
In 2009 an underwater ground-source heat recovery system was installed under the castle's lake that halved the heating bill.<ref>{{cite news|title='Brideshead' house Castle Howard goes green|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/energy/geothermalenergy/7970859/Brideshead-house-Castle-Howard-goes-green.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/energy/geothermalenergy/7970859/Brideshead-house-Castle-Howard-goes-green.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=31 August 2010 |access-date=24 January 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> According to figures released by the Association of Leading Visitor Attractions, over 269,000&nbsp;people visited Castle Howard in 2019.<ref name="ALVA 2019 visitor numbers">{{cite web |title=ALVA – Association of Leading Visitor Attractions |url=https://www.alva.org.uk/details.cfm?p=423 |website=www.alva.org.uk |access-date=4 November 2020}}</ref>