Editing Castine, Maine (section)

===Contested territory===
Castine was founded in the winter of 1613, when Acadian leader [[Claude de Saint-Étienne de la Tour]] established a small [[trading post]] to conduct business with the Tarrantine Indians (now called the [[Penobscot people|Penobscots]]).<ref name=Coolidge>{{Cite book |last1=Coolidge |first1=Austin J. |first2=John B. |last2=Mansfield |title=A History and Description of New England |publisher=A.J. Coolidge |year=1859 |location=Boston, Massachusetts |pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ/page/n121 87]–90 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ|quote=coolidge mansfield history description new england 1859. }}</ref>{{failed verification|date=August 2015}}
[[File:Castine hist.JPG|thumb|220px|Marker commemorating the [[Dutch Empire|Dutch]] conquest of [[Acadia]] (1674), which was renamed [[New Holland (Acadia)|New Holland]]. This is the spot where [[Jurriaen Aernoutsz]] buried a bottle at the capital of Acadia, [[Fort Pentagouët]], Castine, Maine.]]

In 1613, a raid by English captain [[Samuel Argall]] at [[Mount Desert Island]] signaled the start of a long-running dispute over the boundary between French Acadia to the north and the English colonies to the south. There is evidence that de La Tour immediately challenged the English action by re-establishing his trading post in the wake of Argall's raid.{{sfnp|Griffiths|2005|p=31}} [[John Smith of Jamestown|Captain John Smith]] charted the area in 1614 and referred to French traders in the vicinity.

In 1625, Charles de la Tour erected a fort named [[Fort Pentagouet]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.castine.me.us/display.phtml?tid=9 |title=Town of Castine |access-date=November 10, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070721161437/http://www.castine.me.us/display.phtml?tid=9 |archive-date=July 21, 2007 }}</ref> English colonists from the [[Plymouth Colony]] seized it in 1628, and made it an administrative outpost of their colony. Colonial Governor [[William Bradford (Plymouth governor)|William Bradford]] personally traveled there to claim it.

In 1635, it was retaken by the French and again incorporated into Acadia; Governor [[Isaac de Razilly]] sent [[Charles de Menou d'Aulnay]] de Charnisay to retake the village.<ref>M. A. MacDonald. Fortune and La Tour, p. 63</ref> In 1638, d'Aulnay built a more substantial fort named Fort St. Pierre.{{sfnp|Dunn|2004|p=19}}

Acadian [[Emmanuel Le Borgne]] with 100 men raided the settlement in 1653.{{sfnp|Griffiths|2005|p=63}} Major General [[Robert Sedgwick (colonist)|Robert Sedgwick]] led 100 New England volunteers and 200 of [[Oliver Cromwell]]'s soldiers on an expedition against Acadia in 1654. Before taking its capital [[Port-Royal (Acadia)|Port Royal]], Sedgwick captured and plundered the French settlement at Pentagouêt.{{sfnp|Dunn|2004|p=23}} The English occupied Acadia for the next 16 years.{{sfnp|Dunn|2004|p=24}}
[[File:BaronDeStCastin1881byWill H Lowe Wilson Museum Archives.jpg|left|thumb|[[Jean-Vincent d'Abbadie de Saint-Castin|Baron Jean-Vincent de Saint-Castin]]]]
In 1667, after the [[Treaty of Breda (1667)|Treaty of Breda]] brought peace, French authorities dispatched the [[Jean-Vincent d'Abbadie de Saint-Castin|Baron Jean-Vincent de Saint-Castin]] to take command of Pentagouêt. The baron married an Abenaki woman, the daughter of the [[sachem]] Modockawando. She adopted the French name Mathilde and bore him 10 children.<ref name="acadiansingray.com">http://www.acadiansingray.com/Appendices-Acadian%20Marriages.htm White,''Dictionnaire Acadiennes''</ref> The baron became a widower and then married another Abenaki woman named Marie Pidiwammiskwa who bore him two additional children.<ref name="acadiansingray.com"/> Castine soon became a force in colonial trade and diplomacy.

Castine served as the Acadian regional capital between 1670 and 1674.<ref name=Daigle/>

During the [[Franco-Dutch War]] (1674), Pentagouët and other Acadian ports were captured by the Dutch captain [[Jurriaen Aernoutsz]] who arrived from [[New Amsterdam]], renaming [[Acadia]], [[New Holland (Acadia)|New Holland]]. The Dutch turned the fort's cannon on its own walls and destroyed most of it after the second [[siege]]. Saint-Castin himself retook it in 1676 and renamed the town Bagaduce, a shortened version of Majabigwaduce.

During [[King William's War]], Saint-Castin's settlement was plundered by English Governor Sir [[Edmund Andros]] in 1688. In response, Saint-Castin led an [[Abenaki people|Abenaki]] war party to raid the English settlement at [[Siege of Pemaquid (1689)|Pemaquid]] (present-day [[Bristol, Maine]]) in August 1689.<ref>Drake, ''[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_L_AXAAAAIAAJ/page/n24 <!-- pg=9 quote=La Chine. --> The Border wars of New England]'', pp. 10-42</ref> In 1692 the village was again seized by the English, when Major [[Benjamin Church (ranger)|Benjamin Church]] destroyed the fort and looted the settlement. With the return of Baron de Saint-Castin and his sons to [[France]], the settlement became sparsely occupied.
[[File:CastineMainePlaqueJamesGiles.jpg|thumb|Sign at site of death of [[John Gyles]]' brother, Dyce Head Lighthouse Rd., Castine, Maine<ref>In Castine, Maine, a plaque on Dyce Head Lighthouse Rd. says: UPON THESE HEIGHTS, in 1692, James Giles [brother of John Gyles], a boy, and an Englishman, taken at Casco (initially taken in the [[Siege of Pemaquid (1689)]]), held in slavery by [[Madockawando]] for attempting to escape, were tortured by fire, compelled to eat their noses and ears and then burned to death at the stake" (See [https://archive.org/stream/memoirsoddadven01gylegoog#page/n18/mode/2up/search/brother John Gyles' captivity narrative, p. 10-11]).</ref>]]

During [[Queen Anne's War]], in response to the French [[Raid on Deerfield]] in February 1704, New England Colonel [[Benjamin Church (ranger)|Benjamin Church]] raided Saint-Castin's settlement (then known as Penobscot) before moving on to raid the Acadian villages at present-day [[St. Stephen, New Brunswick]], [[Raid on Grand Pré|Grand Pré]], [[Pisiguit]] (present-day [[Windsor, Nova Scotia]]), and [[Isthmus of Chignecto|Chignecto]]. Saint-Castin's daughter was taken in the raid.<ref>Benjamin Church, Thomas Church, Samuel Gardner Drake. The history of King Philip's war; also of expeditions against the French and Indians in its Eastern parts of New England, in the years 1689, 1692, 1696 AND 1704. With some account of the divine providence towards Col. Benjamin Church.p. 261</ref>