Editing Cape of Good Hope (section)

===European exploration===
{{See also|Dutch Cape Colony|Cape Colony}}

==== Name origin ====
[[File:Cross of Bartholomew Diaz.jpg|right|thumb|Cross of Bartholomew Dias at Cape of Good Hope.]]
[[File:Codice Casanatense Cafres.jpg|thumb|Inhabitants of the '''Cape of Good Hope''' dubbed ''Cafres'' by the Portuguese (''[[Códice Casanatense]]'', {{circa|1540}})]]

In the [[Early Modern Era]], the first European to reach the cape was the Portuguese explorer [[Bartolomeu Dias]] on 12 March 1488, who named it the "Cape of Storms" ({{lang|pt|Cabo das Tormentas}}).<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-25 |title=Bartolomeu Dias {{!}} Biography, Voyage, Significance, Accomplishments, Areas Explored, Death, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bartolomeu-Dias |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> It was later renamed by [[John II of Portugal]] as "Cape of Good Hope" ({{lang|pt|Cabo da Boa Esperança}}) because of the great optimism engendered by the opening of a sea route to [[India]] and the East.<ref name="britannica" />

==== The Dutch's first settlement ====
The [[Khoikhoi]] people lived in the cape area when the Dutch first settled there in 1652. The Khoikhoi had arrived in this area about fifteen hundred years before.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ehret |first1=Christopher|title=An African Classical Age |date=2001 |publisher=University of Virginia Press |location=Charlottesville, Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3 |page=219}}</ref> The Dutch called them ''Hottentots'', a term that has now come to be regarded as pejorative.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hottentot |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095946436 |access-date=28 June 2024 |website=Oxford Reference}}</ref>

In 1652, the [[Dutch people|Dutch]] [[Dutch East India Company|East India Company's]] administrator [[Jan van Riebeeck]] established a resupply camp for the [[Dutch East India Company]] some 50&nbsp;km north of the cape in [[Table Bay]] on April 6,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jan van Riebeeck: Dutch colonial administrator |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Dutch-Republic |access-date=28 June 2024 |website=Britannica}}</ref> and this eventually developed into [[Cape Town]]. Supplies of fresh food were vital on the long journey around Africa and Cape Town became known as "The Tavern of the Seas".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ward |first=Kerry |title="Tavern of the Seas"? The Cape of Good Hope as an oceanic crossroads during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries |url=https://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/ebook/p/2005/history_cooperative/www.historycooperative.org/proceedings/seascapes/ward.html |journal=American Historical Association}}</ref>

==== The French refugees in the Cape Colony ====
On 31 December 1687, a community of [[Huguenots]] (French Protestants) arrived at the Cape of Good Hope from the Netherlands. They had fled from France due to religious persecution and gone to the Netherlands,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Huguenot History |url=https://huguenotmuseum.org/about/the-huguenots/ |access-date=28 June 2024 |website=The Huguenot Museum}}</ref> before making the journey to the Cape Colony. Members of this group included [[Pierre Joubert (viticulturalist)|Pierre Joubert]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=La Motte's French heritage firmly rooted |url=https://la-motte.com/blogs/news/la-motte-s-french-heritage-firmly-rooted |access-date=28 June 2024 |website=La Motte|date=29 May 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=de Bruin |first=Karen de Bruin |title=From Viticulture to Commemoration: French Huguenot Memory in the Cape Colony (1688–1824) |url=https://quod.lib.umich.edu/w/wsfh/0642292.0047.007/--from-viticulture-to-commemoration-french-huguenot-memory?rgn=main;view=fulltext |journal=Michigan Publishing |date=2021 |volume=47 |via=University of Rhode Island}}</ref> who came from [[La Motte-d'Aigues]], as well as [[Jean Roy (Huguenot)|Jean Roy]]. The Dutch East India Company needed skilled farmers at the Cape of Good Hope and the Dutch government saw opportunities to settle Huguenots at the Cape. The colony gradually grew over the 150 years that followed until it extended hundreds of kilometers to the north and the north-east.

==== The European coalitions and Napoleonic wars effect on the Cape Colony ====
During the [[French Revolutionary Wars]], the Dutch Republic was occupied by the French in 1795. The Cape Colony then became a French vassal and enemy of the British, who were at war with France. British troops invaded and occupied the Cape Colony that same year. The British relinquished control of the territory in 1803, under the [[peace of Amiens]], but reoccupied the Colony on 19 January 1806 following the [[Battle of Blaauwberg]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=J. Bundy |first=Colin |date=28 June 2024 |title=Growth of the colonial economy |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/South-Africa/Growth-of-the-colonial-economy |website=Britannica}}</ref> The Dutch formally ceded the territory to the British in the [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814]].<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Convention Between Great Britain And The Netherlands |url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/1815-06-09/debates/0e7491ad-421f-4e13-9843-e5a4e4591f6c/ConventionBetweenGreatBritainAndTheNetherlands |journal=UK Parliament |volume=31 |via=Hansard}}</ref> It would remain a separate British colony until its incorporation into the [[Union of South Africa]] in 1910.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cape Colony: British colony, South Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Cape-Colony |website=Britannica}}</ref>

==== Routes explorations and commemorations ====
The Portuguese government erected two navigational beacons, '''Dias Cross''' and '''da Gama Cross''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cross erected by Bartholomew Dias |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/place/cross-erected-bartholomew-dias |website=South African History Online (SAHO)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bartolomeu Dias – Life, Legacy & Expeditions |url=https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/bartolomeu-dias |website=History.com|date=6 June 2023 }}</ref> to commemorate [[Bartolomeu Dias]] and [[Vasco da Gama]], who were the first modern European explorers to reach the cape. When lined up, these crosses point to [[Whittle Rock]], a large, permanently submerged shipping hazard in [[False Bay]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Da Gama Cross |url=https://artefacts.co.za/main/Buildings/bldgframes_mob.php?bldgid=12243 |website=Artefacts}}</ref> Two other beacons in [[Simon's Town]] provide the intersection.<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE SEARCH FOR BRENTON'S BEACON |url=https://simonstown.org/1592/ |website=Simon's Town Historical Society|date=15 June 2021 }}</ref>