Editing Canada–United States relations (section)

=== Colonial wars ===
{{Main|French and Indian Wars}}
[[File:Nouvelle-France map-en.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Map of European colonies in North America, c. 1750. Territorial claims by European powers were fought over during the [[French and Indian Wars]].]]
Before the [[Conquest of New France (1758–1760)|British conquest of French Canada]] in 1760, there had been a series of wars between the British and the French that were fought out in the colonies as well as in Europe and the high seas. In general, the British heavily relied on [[Militia (United States)|American colonial militia]] units, while the French heavily relied on their [[First Nations in Canada|First Nation]] allies. The [[Iroquois|Iroquois Nation]] were important British allies.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Thomas Morgan |first1=William |year=1926 |title=The Five Nations and Queen Anne |journal=Mississippi Valley Historical Review |volume=13 |issue=2|pages=169–189 |doi=10.2307/1891955 |jstor=1891955}}</ref> Much of the fighting involved ambushes and small-scale warfare in the villages along the border between New England and Quebec. The New England colonies had a much larger population than Quebec, so major invasions came from south to north. The tension along the border was exacerbated by religion, as the French Catholics and English Protestants had a deep mutual distrust.<ref>Howard H. Peckham, ''The Colonial Wars'' (1965)</ref> There was a naval dimension as well, involving [[privateer]]s attacking enemy merchant ships.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chard |first1=Donald F. |year=1975 |title=The Impact of French Privateering on New England, 1689–1713 |journal=American Neptune |volume=35 |issue=3|pages=153–165}}</ref>

England seized Quebec from 1629 to 1632, and Acadia in 1613 and again from 1654 to 1670; These territories were returned to France by the peace treaties. The major wars were (to use American names), [[King William's War]] (1689–1697); [[Queen Anne's War]] (1702–1713); [[King George's War]] (1744–1748), and from 1755 to 1763 the [[French and Indian War]] (known in Europe as the [[Seven Years’ War]]).

New England soldiers and sailors were critical to the successful British campaign to capture the French fortress of Louisbourg in 1745,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shortt |first1=S. E. D. |year=1972 |title=Conflict and Identity in Massachusetts: The Louisbourg Expedition of 1745 |journal=Social History/Histoire Sociale |volume=5 |issue=10 |pages=165–185}}</ref> and (after it had been returned by treaty) to capture it again in 1758.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Johnston |first1=A. J. B. |year=2008 |title=D-Day at Louisbourg |journal=Beaver |volume=88 |issue=3 |pages=16–23}}</ref>