Editing Campinas (section)

==History==
[[File:Vista_Parcial_de_Campinas_em_1878.jpg|thumb|left|Campinas in 1878 during the [[Empire of Brazil]].]]
[[File:Mapa de Campinas de 1929.jpg|left|thumb|Maps of railways in Campinas in 1929]]

The city was founded on July 14, 1774, by Barreto Leme.<ref name="foundation">{{cite web | title=Campinas faz 233 anos hoje | url=http://www.cpopular.com.br/mostra_noticia.asp?noticia=1520595&area=2140&authent=8999D8D6264332BCDBED94130107FE | access-date=2009-01-06 | date=2007-07-14 | publisher=[[Correio Popular]] | language=pt }}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It was initially a simple outpost on the way to [[Minas Gerais]] and [[Goiás]] serving the "[[Bandeirantes]]" who were in search of precious minerals and [[Indigenous people of Brazil|Indian]] [[slavery|slaves]]. In the first half of the 19th century, Campinas became a growing population center, with many [[coffee]], [[cotton]] and [[sugarcane]] [[farm]]s.

The construction of a [[railway]] linking the city of [[São Paulo]] to [[Santos (São Paulo)|Santos]]' seaport, in 1867, was very important for its growth. In the second half of the 19th century, with the abolition of [[Slavery in Brazil|slavery]], farming and [[industrialization]] attracted many foreign [[immigration|immigrants]] to replace the lost manpower, mainly from Italy.<ref>http://www.internations.org/campinas-expats/italians {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106014516/http://www.internations.org/campinas-expats/italians |date=2014-01-06 }} Italians in Campinas</ref>

Coffee became an important export and the city became wealthy. In consequence, a large service sector was established to serve the growing population, and in the first decades of the 20th century, Campinas could already boast of an [[opera house]], theaters, banks, movie theaters, radio stations, a [[orchestra|philharmonic]] orchestra, two newspapers (''[[Correio Popular]]'' and ''[[Diário do Povo (Campinas)|Diário do Povo]]''), a good public education system (with the Escola Normal de Campinas and the [[Colégio Culto à Ciência]]), and hospitals, such as the Santa Casa de Misericórdia (a [[Charitable organization|charity]] for poor people).

And the Casa de Saúde de Campinas (for the Italian community, formerly known as ''Circolo Italiani Uniti''), and the most important Brazilian research center in agricultural sciences, the [[Instituto Agronômico de Campinas]], which was founded by Emperor [[Pedro II of Brazil|Pedro II]]. Finally, the construction of the first Brazilian highway in 1938, between Campinas and São Paulo, the [[Anhanguera Highway]], was a turning point in the integration of Campinas into the rest of the state.

Campinas was the birthplace of opera composer [[Antônio Carlos Gomes|Carlos Gomes]]<ref>http://www.gounin.net/ACGUS/acgbious.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412220138/http://www.gounin.net/ACGUS/acgbious.htm |date=2013-04-12 }} Carlos Gomes Biography</ref> (1836&nbsp;— 1896) and of the President of the Republic [[Manoel Ferraz de Campos Salles|Campos Salles]] (1841&nbsp;— 1913).<ref>http://www.ayrtonmarcondes.com.br/blog/?page_id=307 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706151315/http://www.ayrtonmarcondes.com.br/blog/?page_id=307 |date=2011-07-06 }} Campos Salles</ref> It was home for 49 years to [[Hércules Florence]], reputed as one of the early inventors of [[photography]], [[photocopying]] and the [[mimeograph]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://latin.discovery.com/features/000914langsdorff/langsdorffhome.html |title=Discovery Español - Expedición Langsdorff |access-date=2005-04-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050407133131/http://latin.discovery.com/features/000914langsdorff/langsdorffhome.html |archive-date=2005-04-07 }} Hercules Florence</ref>