Editing Campe (section)

==Sources==
We first hear of the imprisonment of the Cyclopes and Hecatoncheires, and their subsequent release by Zeus, in [[Hesiod]]'s ''[[Theogony]]''.<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D139 154&ndash;159], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-eng1:492-506 501&ndash;502], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-eng1:617-653 624&ndash;629].</ref> However Hesiod makes no mention of Campe, or any guard for the prisoners. These events were probably also told in the lost epic poem the ''[[Titanomachy (epic poem)|Titanomachy]]'',<ref>West 2002, p. 110.</ref> upon which the mythographer [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]] perhaps based his account of the war.<ref>Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA68 p. 68], says that Apollodorus' version "perhaps derived from the lost ''[[Titanomachy (epic poem)|Titanomachia]]'', or from the [[Orphism (religion)|Orphic]] literature". See also Gantz, p. 45.</ref> According to Apollodorus:
{{quote|Zeus waged the war against Cronus and the Titans. They fought for ten years, and Earth prophesied victory to Zeus if he should have as allies those who had been hurled down to Tartarus. So he slew their jailoress Campe, and loosed their bonds.<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.2.1 1.2.1] = [[Eumelus]] ''Titanomachy'' F6 West 2003, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/eumelus-epic_testimonia_fragments/2003/pb_LCL497.227.xml pp. 226&ndash;229].</ref>}}

[[Diodorus Siculus]] says that the god [[Dionysus]], while camped beside the Libyan city of Zabirna, encountered and killed "an earth-born monster called Campê" that was terrorizing the city, killing many of its residents.<ref>Ogden, p. 85; [[Diodorus Siculus]], [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/3E*.html#72 3.72.2&ndash;3]. Ogden describes Diodorus' account as having "some sort of loose associations with the Titanomachy."</ref>
Neither Apollodorus nor Diodorus provide any description of Campe; however, the Greek poet [[Nonnus]] provides an elaborately detailed one. According to Nonnus, Zeus, with his thunderbolt, destroyed:
{{quote|highheaded Campe ... for all the many crooked shapes of her whole body. A thousand crawlers from her viperish feet, spitting poison afar, were fanning Enyo to a flame, a mass of misshapen coils. Round her neck flowered fifty various heads of wild beasts : some roared with lion's heads like the grim face of the riddling [[Sphinx]]; others were spluttering foam from the tusks of wild boars; her countenance was the very image of [[Scylla]] with a marshalled regiment of thronging dog's heads. Doubleshaped, she appeared a woman to the middle of her body, with clusters of poison-spitting serpents for hair. Her giant form, from the chest to the parting-point of the thighs, was covered all over with a bastard shape of hard sea-monsters' scales. The claws of her wide-scattering hands were curved like a crooktalon sickle. From her neck over her terrible shoulders, with tail raised high over her throat, a scorpion with an icy sting sharp-whetted crawled and coiled upon itself. Such was manifoldshaped Campe as she rose writhing, and flew roaming about earth and air and briny deep, and flapping a couple of dusky wings, rousing tempests and arming gales, that blackwinged nymphe of Tartaros: from her eyelids a flickering flame belched out far-travelling sparks. Yet heavenly Zeus ... killed that great monster, and conquered the snaky Enyo Cronos.<ref>[[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'', [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca02nonnuoft#page/78/mode/2up 18.236&ndash;264].</ref>}}

Thus for Nonnus, Campe is woman-like from the upper torso and above, with the scales of a sea-monster from the chest down, with several snaky appendages, along with the parts of several other animals protruding from her body.<ref>Ogden, pp. 85&ndash;86; Fontenrose, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wqeVv09Y6hIC&pg=PA243 pp. 243&ndash;244].</ref> His description of Campe is similar to Hesiod's description of the monster [[Typhon]] (''Theogony'' 820 ff.).<ref>Rouse, [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca02nonnuoft#page/78/mode/2up p. 79 n. ''c'']; Ogden, p. 85.</ref> [[Joseph Eddy Fontenrose]] says that for Nonnus, Campe "was a female counterpart of his Typhon ... That is, she was [[Echidna (mythology)|Echidna]] under a different name, as Nonnus indicates, calling her Echidnaean Enyo, identifying her snaky legs with [[Echidna (fish)|echidnas]], and likening her to [[Sphinx]] and [[Skylla]]".<ref>Fontenrose, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wqeVv09Y6hIC&pg=PA243 pp. 243&ndash;244]. Fontenrose, who also associates Campe with the [[Babylonia]]n sea-monster [[Tiamat]], notes that "Epicharmos (ap. Hesych. K614) either called Kampe a kêtos or spoke of some kind of sea-beast called kampê. See Mayer (1887) 232-234; Vian (1952) 210, 285".</ref>