Editing Camorra (section)

==Activities==
Compared to the [[Sicilian Mafia]]'s pyramidal structure, the Camorra has more of a 'horizontal' structure.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://academic.oup.com/restud/article/86/2/457/5060718 |title=Organized Crime, Violence, and Politics &#124; the Review of Economic Studies &#124; Oxford Academic |access-date=24 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524224934/https://academic.oup.com/restud/article/86/2/457/5060718 |archive-date=24 May 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> As a result, Camorra clans act independently of one another and are more prone to feuding. This, however, makes the Camorra more resilient when top leaders are arrested or killed, as new clans and organisations emerge from the remnants of old ones. Clan leader [[Pasquale Galasso]] stated in court, "Campania can get worse because you could cut into a Camorra group, but another ten could emerge from it."<ref name=behan184>Behan, ''Camorra'', pp. 184</ref>

In the 1970s and 1980s, [[Raffaele Cutolo]] made an unsuccessful attempt to unify the Camorra families in the manner of the Sicilian Mafia, by forming the [[Nuova Camorra Organizzata|New Organized Camorra]] (''Nuova Camorra Organizzata'' or ''NCO''). [[Drive-by shooting]]s by ''camorristi'' often result in casualties among the local population but such episodes are often difficult to investigate because of the widespread practise of [[omertà]] (code of silence). According to a report published in 2007 by Confesercenti, the second-largest Italian trade organisation, the Camorra control the milk and fish industries, the coffee trade, and over 2,500 bakeries in Naples.<ref>[https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article1292115/Die_Mafia_ist_Italiens_fuehrendes_Unternehmen.html "Die Mafia ist Italiens führendes Unternehmen"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319151030/http://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article1292115/Die_Mafia_ist_Italiens_fuehrendes_Unternehmen.html |date=19 March 2012 }}, [[Die Welt]], 23 October 2007</ref>

In 1983, Italian law enforcement estimated that there were about a dozen Camorra clans. By 1987, the estimate had risen to 26, and in the following year to 32.<ref name=behan191>{{cite book|last=Behan|first=Tom|title=The Camorra|pages=191|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|isbn=9780415099875}}</ref> [[Roberto Saviano]], an investigative journalist and author of ''[[Gomorrah (book)|Gomorra]]'', an exposé of the activities of the Camorra, says that this sprawling network of clans now dwarfs the Sicilian Mafia, the [['Ndrangheta]] and southern Italy's other organised gangs, in numbers, in economic power and in ruthless violence.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/man-who-took-on-the-mafia-the-truth-about-italys-gangsters-420427.html|title=Man who took on the Mafia: The truth about Italy's gangsters|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no byline.-->|newspaper=The Independent|date=16 October 2006|access-date=9 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524223948/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/man-who-took-on-the-mafia-the-truth-about-italys-gangsters-420427.html|archive-date=24 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2004 and 2005, the [[Di Lauro clan]] and the so-called [[Scissionisti di Secondigliano]] fought a bloody feud which came to be known in the Italian press as the [[Scampia feud]]. The result was over 100 street killings. At the end of October 2006 a new series of murders took place in Naples between 20 competing clans, costing 12 lives in 10 days.  The Interior Minister, [[Giuliano Amato]], decided to send more than 1,000 extra police and carabinieri to Naples to fight crime and protect tourists.<ref>{{cite news|language=de|url=https://m.tagesspiegel.de/politik/mit-mehr-polizei-gegen-die-camorra/771076.html|title=Mit mehr Polizei gegen die Camorra|author=Paul Kreiner|newspaper=Der Tagesspiegel|date=6 November 2006|access-date=24 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524222037/https://m.tagesspiegel.de/politik/mit-mehr-polizei-gegen-die-camorra/771076.html|archive-date=24 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Despite this, in the following year there were over 120 murders.{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}}

In 2001, the businessman Domenico Noviello from [[Caserta]] testified against a Camorra extortionist and subsequently received police protection. In 2008 he refused further protection and was killed one week later.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Why Does the Mob Want to Erase This Writer?|url = https://www.gq.com/story/crime-mob-mafia-roberto-saviano-zerozerozero|first = Joshua|last = Hammer|website = GQ|date = 6 July 2015|access-date = 9 September 2017|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170517133109/http://www.gq.com/story/crime-mob-mafia-roberto-saviano-zerozerozero|archive-date = 17 May 2017|url-status = live}}</ref>

In recent years, various Camorra clans have been allegedly using alliances with [[organized crime in Nigeria|Nigerian drug gangs]] and the [[Albanian mafia]]. [[Augusto La Torre]], the former La Torre clan boss who became a [[pentito]], is married to an Albanian woman; the first foreign pentito, a Tunisian, admitted to being involved with the feared [[Casalesi clan]] of [[Casal di Principe]]. The first town in which the Camorra sanctioned stewardship by a foreign clan was [[Castel Volturno]], which was given to the Rapaces, clans from [[Lagos]] and [[Benin City]] in Nigeria. This allowed them to traffic cocaine and women in sexual slavery before sending them across Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cafebabel.com/eng/article/22391/roberto-saviano-on-the-italian-camorra.html|title=Roberto Saviano on the Italian Camorra|website=Cafe Babel|date= 8 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001022818/http://www.cafebabel.com/eng/article/22391/roberto-saviano-on-the-italian-camorra.html|archive-date=1 October 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>