Editing Bunya Mountains National Park (section)

==History==
The [[Wakka Wakka]], [[Jarowair]] and [[Barrumgum]] tribes are the [[traditional owners]] of the Bunya Mountains and have inhabited and managed the mountains through traditional land-use management for thousands of years which included the cultural significant "Bunya Feasts" which would see thousands of people from surrounding tribes from Queensland and [[New South Wales]] come to the Bunya Mountains for these gatherings.<ref>Jerome, P., 2002. Boobarran Ngummin: the Bunya Mountains. [Opening address to the Bunya Symposium (2002: Griffith University).] [WWW Document]. URL http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=200302450;res=IELAPA {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116065549/http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary |date=16 November 2017 }} (accessed 3.31.14).</ref><ref name="markwell">Markwell Consulting, 2010. Bonye Buru Booburrgan Ngmmunge - Bunya Mountains Aboriginal Aspirations and Caring for Country Plan (Plan).</ref> The Bunya grasslands are unique relics of a much cooler climate and have existed since the last ice age, persisting due to regular burning by [[Aboriginal Australians|Aboriginal people]]s over many thousands of years known as "[[fire-stick farming|fire farming]]".<ref name="pascoe">{{cite book|title=Dark emu|author1=Pascoe, Bruce|publisher=Broome, W.A. Magabala Books|isbn=978-1-922142-43-6|publication-date=2014}}</ref> Recent core samples confirmed that Indigenous fire management was occurring on the Bunya Mountains as far back as 9,000 years ago during the [[Holocene]] era. Evidence suggests fire farming created the largest estate management in the world of the vast state and territories of Australia, performed in [[Aboriginal ceremony|ceremonies]], for land control, food control and farming, and produce (native yams) harvesting by Aboriginal people for thousands of years.<ref name=pascoe/><ref>{{Citation|author1=Gammage, Bill|title=The biggest estate on earth : how Aborigines made Australia|publication-date=2011|publisher=Allen & Unwin|isbn=978-1-74237-748-3}}</ref> Fire management has enabled the grasslands to maintain their treeless characteristic, preventing rainforest and woodland species from becoming established.<ref>Moravek, S., Luly, J., Grindrod, J., Fairfax, R., 2013. The origin of grassy balds in the Bunya Mountains, southeastern Queensland, Australia. The Holocene 23, 305–315. doi:10.1177/0959683612460792.</ref> The balds are considered a cultural landscape and an enduring symbol of Indigenous land management which still hold significance to Indigenous people today.<ref name="markwell" />

The arrival of European settlers saw the removal of Indigenous communities off the Bunya Mountains ending active fire management by Indigenous people from 1860s onwards.<ref name="markwell" />

During the 1860s the park was logged for [[Toona ciliata|red cedar]], [[Araucaria bidwillii|bunya pine]] and [[Araucaria cunninghamii|hoop pine]]<ref name="xqnp">{{cite book |title=Explore Queensland's National Parks |year=2008 |publisher=Explore Australia Publishing |location=Prahran, Victoria |isbn=978-1-74117-245-4 |pages=42 }}</ref> and the Aboriginal people were pushed out.<ref name="discover">{{cite book |title=Discover Australia's National Parks |last=Hema Maps |year=1997 |publisher=[[Random House]] Australia |location=[[Milsons Point, New South Wales]] |isbn=1-875992-47-2 |pages=162 }}</ref>  European settlers began to visit the area and enjoy the scenery in the same decade.<ref name="nch">{{cite web |url=http://www.derm.qld.gov.au/parks/bunya-mountains/culture.html |title=Bunya Mountains National Park: Nature, culture and history |date=6 August 2010 |publisher=Department of Environment and Resource Management |access-date=4 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121127142403/http://www.derm.qld.gov.au/parks/bunya-mountains/culture.html |archive-date=27 November 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

The Bunya Sawmill opened in  1883.<ref name="naq"/> As the {{cvt|9,112|ha|adj=on}} national park was declared in 1908, it makes it the second oldest [[national park]] in Queensland.<ref name="naq"/> A further addition to the park was donated by [[Wilfred Adams Russell|WA Russell MLA]]  in 1927.<ref>{{cite web |title=Russell Park |url=http://bunyamountains.com/russell-park |publisher=bunyamountains.com |access-date=2 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725135017/http://bunyamountains.com/russell-park |archive-date=25 July 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Timber was still removed from the national park until about 1917.<ref name="nch"/> The last [[sawmill]] on the mountains closed in 1945.<ref>Department of Environment. (1996). ''Bunya Mountains National Park Visitor Information'' State of Queensland.</ref>

The first walking tracks were constructed in 1939.<ref name="nch"/> Carbine's chute was the first of many trenches built to assist the removal of logs off the mountains.<ref name="nch"/> It can be accessed by a 1.5&nbsp;km track from Munros camp. The last sawmill in the area was at Wengenville, which closed in 1961. In a successful attempt to reduce the splintering and damage to logs from falling down the steep trenches the owner of the Wengenville sawmill, Lars Anderson, used a combination of tramway, winches, winders and [[flying fox]]es to transport logs.<ref name="nch"/>