Editing Bunker (section)

==Types==
===Trench===
{{see also|Pillbox (military)}}

This type of bunker is a small concrete structure, partly dug into the ground, which is usually a part of a trench system. Such bunkers give the defending soldiers better protection than the open [[Trench (military)|trench]]  and also include top protection against aerial attack. They also provide shelter against the weather. Some bunkers may have partially open tops to allow weapons to be discharged with the muzzle pointing upwards (e.g., mortars and anti-aircraft weapons).<ref name="Queen's">''[http://archives.queensu.ca/wwi/warfare.html An archival look at World War I] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219002104/http://archives.queensu.ca/wwi/warfare.html |date=19 December 2008 }}'' from the [[Queen's University at Kingston|Queen's University]] Archives, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Accessed 2008-02-10</ref>

===Artillery===
Many artillery installations, especially for [[coastal artillery]], have historically been protected by extensive bunker systems. These usually housed the crews serving the weapons, protected the ammunition against counter-battery fire, and in numerous examples also protected the guns themselves, though this was usually a trade-off reducing their fields of fire. Artillery bunkers are some of the largest individual pre-Cold War bunkers. The walls of the '[[Cross-Channel guns in the Second World War#German guns|Batterie Todt]]' gun installation in northern France were up to {{convert|3.5|m}} thick,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.batterietodt.com/ |title=Accueil |publisher=Muse du Mur de l'Atlantique d'Audinghen website |access-date=2008-02-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080110033927/http://www.batterietodt.com/ |archive-date=10 January 2008}}</ref> and an underground bunker was constructed for the [[V-3 cannon]].

===Industrial===
Typical industrial bunkers include mining sites, food storage areas, dumps for materials, data storage, and sometimes living quarters. They were built mainly by nations like Germany during World War II to protect important industries from [[Bombardment|aerial bombardment]]. Industrial bunkers are also built for control rooms of dangerous activities, such as tests of rocket engines or explosive experiments. They are also built in order to perform dangerous experiments in them or to store radioactive or explosive goods. Such bunkers also exist on non-military facilities.

===Personal===
When a house is purpose-built with a bunker, the normal location is a reinforced below-ground bathroom with large cabinets.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=D.M. |title=A basis for bunker design |journal=Powder Technology |date=December 1967 |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=228–236 |doi=10.1016/0032-5910(67)80041-X }}</ref> One common design approach uses [[fibre-reinforced plastic]] shells. Compressive protection may be provided by inexpensive earth arching.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} The overburden is designed to shield from radiation.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} To prevent the shelter from floating to the surface in high groundwater, some designs have a skirt held down with the overburden.<ref name=Kearny>{{cite book |last=Kearny |first=Cresson H |url=http://www.oism.org/nwss/ |access-date=2008-06-19 |title=Nuclear War Survival Skills |year=1987 |isbn=0-942487-01-X |publisher=Oak Ridge National Laboratory }} '''NOTE''': Kearny recommends stockpiling materials for a blast or [[fallout shelter]] and constructing it only if war appears very likely.</ref> It may also serve the purpose of a [[safe room]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}}

Large bunkers are often bought by [[super rich]] individuals in case of [[political instability]], and usually store or access large amounts of energy for use. They are sometimes referred to as "luxury bunkers," and their locations are often documented.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/08/07/style/underground-bunkers-super-rich/index.html|title=Operating theaters, bowling alleys and home cinemas: How the super-rich are kitting out their bunkers|date=7 August 2024|website=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/billionaires-are-building-luxury-bunkers-to-escape-doomsday/|title=Billionaires Are Building Luxury Bunkers to Escape Doomsday|first=Sammi|last=Caramela|date=31 May 2024}}</ref>

===Munitions storage===
Munitions storage bunkers are designed to securely store [[explosive]] [[Shell (projectile)|ordnance]] and contain any internal explosions. The most common configuration for [[high explosives]] storage is the [[igloo]] shaped bunker.{{Citation needed|date=February 2019}} They are often built into a hillside in order to provide additional containment mass.

A specialized version of the munitions bunker called a [[Gravel Gertie]] is designed to contain [[radioactive]] debris from an explosive accident while assembling or disassembling [[nuclear warhead]]s. They are installed at all facilities in the United States and United Kingdom which do warhead assembly and disassembly, the largest being the [[Pantex]] plant in [[Amarillo, Texas]], which has 12 Gravel Gerties.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2022|title=Bunker: What is it, types and all you need to know |url=http://www.news9live.com/knowledge/bunker-what-is-it-types-and-all-you-need-to-know-157289 |access-date=4 September 2023|website=News9live |language=en-US}}</ref>