Editing Bubble fusion (section)

== Oak Ridge failed replication ==
The results were so startling that the Oak Ridge National Laboratory asked two independent researchers, D. Shapira and M. J. Saltmarsh, to repeat the experiment using more sophisticated [[neutron detection]] equipment. They reported that the neutron release was consistent with random coincidence.<ref name="Shapira-2002-08-19">{{cite journal
  |last    = Shapira  |first   = D.
  |author-link = Dan Shapira
  |author2=M. J. Saltmarsh |author-link2=Michael Saltmarsh 
  |date    = 19 August 2002
  |title   = Nuclear Fusion in Collapsing Bubbles — Is it There? An Attempt to Repeat the Observation of Nuclear Emissions from Sonoluminescence
  |journal = [[Physical Review Letters]]
  |volume  = 89  |issue = 10  |page = 104302
  |doi     =  10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.104302
|bibcode=2002PhRvL..89j4302S |pmid=12225196
|url = https://zenodo.org/record/1233943
 }}</ref><ref name=mccracken>{{Cite book
  |title     = Fusion: the energy of the universe
  |series    = Complementary science series
  |author    = G. M. McCracken, Peter E. Stott
  |chapter   = false trails
  |edition   = illustrated
  |publisher = Elsevier Academic Press
  |year      = 2005
  |isbn      = 978-0-12-481851-4
  |pages     = 91–92
  |chapter-url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=wL6ECJexkqUC
  }}</ref> A rebuttal by Taleyarkhan and the other authors of the original report argued that the Shapira and Saltmarsh report failed to account for significant differences in experimental setup, including over an inch of shielding between the neutron detector and the sonoluminescing acetone. According to Taleyarkhan ''et al.'', when properly considering those differences, the results were consistent with fusion.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bubble Fusion takes next hurdle|author=Haiko Lietz|date=18 July 2005 |url=http://www.heise.de/tp/artikel/20/20542/1.html|access-date=29 June 2012}}</ref>

As early as 2002, while experimental work was still in progress, Aaron Galonsky of Michigan State University, in a letter to the journal ''Science''<ref name="Galonsky-2002-09-06">{{cite journal
  |last    = Galonsky
  |first   = A.
  |date    = 6 September 2002
  |title   = Tabletop Fusion Revisited
  |journal = Science
  |volume  = 297
  |issue   = 5587
  |doi     = 10.1126/science.297.5587.1645b
  |pages    = 1645b–1645
  |pmid=12216580
  |s2cid = 5464530
 |issn    = 0036-8075
}}</ref>
expressed doubts about the claim made by the Taleyarkhan team. In Galonsky's opinion, the observed neutrons were too high in energy to be from a [[deuterium]]-deuterium (d-d) fusion reaction. In their response (published on the same page), the Taleyarkhan team provided detailed  counter-arguments and concluded that the energy was "reasonably close" to that which was expected from a fusion reaction.

In February 2005 the documentary series ''[[Horizon (BBC TV series)|Horizon]]'' commissioned two leading sonoluminescence researchers, Seth Putterman<ref name="Putterman">{{cite web |url=http://personnel.physics.ucla.edu/directory/faculty/putterman |title=Seth J. Putterman |access-date=2011-09-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006174400/http://personnel.physics.ucla.edu/directory/faculty/putterman |archive-date=2011-10-06 }}, Seth Putterman personal page.</ref> and [[Kenneth S. Suslick]], to reproduce Taleyarkhan's work. Using similar acoustic parameters, deuterated acetone, similar bubble nucleation, and a much more sophisticated neutron detection device, the researchers could find no evidence of a fusion reaction.<ref name="BBC-2005-02-17">{{cite news
  |url    = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4270297.stm
  |title  = Nuclear fusion 'put to the test'
  |work   = BBC News
  |date   = 17 February 2005
  |access-date = 2007-05-13
}}</ref><ref name="Horizon-transcript">{{cite web
  |url    = http://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/tvradio/programmes/horizon/experiment_trans.shtml
  |title  = An Experiment to Save the World
  |format = programme transcript
  |work   = [[Horizon (BBC TV series)|Horizon]]
  |publisher = BBC News
  |access-date = 2007-05-13
}}</ref>