Editing Bryozoa (section)

=== Distinguishing features ===

Bryozoans, [[Phoronida|phoronids]] and [[Brachiopoda|brachiopods]] [[Filter feeding|strain food out of the water]] by means of a [[lophophore]], a "crown" of hollow tentacles. Bryozoans form colonies consisting of [[Cloning|clones]] called zooids that are typically about {{cvt|0.5|mm|in|frac=64}} long.<ref name="RuppertFoxBarnesBryozoa" /> Phoronids resemble bryozoan zooids but are {{cvt|2|to|20|cm|in|frac=2}} long and, although they often grow in clumps, do not form colonies consisting of clones.<ref name="RuppertFoxBarnesPhoronida" /> Brachiopods, generally thought to be closely related to bryozoans and phoronids, are distinguished by having shells rather like those of [[bivalve]]s.<ref name="RuppertFoxBarnesBrachiopoda" /> All three of these [[phylum|phyla]] have a [[coelom]], an internal cavity lined by [[mesothelium]].<ref name="RuppertFoxBarnesBryozoa" /><ref name="RuppertFoxBarnesPhoronida" /><ref name="RuppertFoxBarnesBrachiopoda" />
Some encrusting bryozoan colonies with [[biomineralization|mineralized]] [[exoskeleton]]s look very like small corals. However, bryozoan colonies are founded by an ancestrula, which is round rather than shaped like a normal zooid of that species. On the other hand, the founding polyp of a coral has a shape like that of its daughter polyps, and coral zooids have no [[coelom]] or [[lophophore]].<ref name="RichFenton1997Bryozoans" />

[[Entoprocta|Entoprocts]], another phylum of filter-feeders, look rather like bryozoans but their [[lophophore]]-like feeding structure has solid tentacles, their [[anus]] lies inside rather than outside the base of the "crown" and they have no [[coelom]].<ref name="RuppertFoxBarnesEntoprocta" />
{{clear}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Summary of distinguishing features
|- align="center"
! rowspan="2"| &nbsp; !! rowspan="2"| Bryozoa<ref name="RuppertFoxBarnesBryozoa" />{{pb}}(Ectoprocta) !! colspan="2" | Other [[lophophorate]]s<ref name="RuppertFoxBarnesLophophorataGen">{{cite book | author1=Ruppert, E.E. | author2=Fox, R.S. | author3=Barnes, R.D. | name-list-style=amp | title=Invertebrate Zoology | chapter=Lophoporata | publisher=Brooks / Cole | edition=7th | isbn=978-0-03-025982-1 | year=2004 | page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780030259821/page/817 817] | chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780030259821/page/817 }}</ref>!! Other [[Lophotrochozoa]] !! colspan="2" | Similar-looking phyla
|- align="center"
! [[Phoronida]]<ref name="RuppertFoxBarnesPhoronida">{{cite book | author1=Ruppert, E.E. | author2=Fox, R.S. | author3=Barnes, R.D. | name-list-style=amp | title=Invertebrate Zoology | chapter=Lophoporata | publisher=Brooks / Cole | edition=7th | isbn=978-0-03-025982-1 | year=2004 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780030259821/page/817 817–821] | chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780030259821/page/817 }}</ref>!! [[Brachiopoda]]<ref name="RuppertFoxBarnesBrachiopoda">{{cite book | author1=Ruppert, E.E. | author2=Fox, R.S. | author3=Barnes, R.D. | name-list-style=amp | title=Invertebrate Zoology | chapter=Lophoporata | publisher=Brooks / Cole | edition=7th | isbn=978-0-03-025982-1 | year=2004 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780030259821/page/821 821–829] | chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780030259821/page/821 }}</ref>!! [[Annelida]], [[Mollusca]] !! [[Entoprocta]]<ref name="RuppertFoxBarnesEntoprocta">{{cite book | author1=Ruppert, E.E. | author2=Fox, R.S. | author3=Barnes, R.D. | name-list-style=amp | title=Invertebrate Zoology | chapter=Kamptozoa and Cycliophora | publisher=Brooks / Cole | edition=7th | isbn=978-0-03-025982-1 | year=2004 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780030259821/page/808 808–812] | chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780030259821/page/808 }}</ref>!! [[Coral]]s (class in phylum [[Cnidaria]])<ref name="RichFenton1997Bryozoans" />
|- align="center"
! [[Coelom]]
| Three-part, if the cavity of the epistome is included || colspan="2" | Three-part || One per segment in basic form; merged in some [[taxon|taxa]] || colspan="2" | none
|- align="center"
! Formation of [[coelom]]
| Uncertain because [[metamorphosis]] of larvae into adults makes this impossible to trace || colspan="2" | [[Enterocoely]] || [[Schizocoely]] || colspan="2" | not applicable
|- align="center"
! [[Lophophore]]
| colspan="3" | With hollow tentacles || none || Similar-looking feeding structure, but with solid tentacles || none
|- align="center"
! Feeding current
| colspan="3" | From tips to bases of tentacles || not applicable || From bases to tips of tentacles || not applicable
|- align="center"
! [[Cilia|Multiciliated]] cells in [[epithelium]]
| Yes<ref name="Nielsen2002PhyloPosOfEntoproctaEctoproctaPhoronidaBrachiopoda" /> || colspan="2" | no<ref name="Nielsen2002PhyloPosOfEntoproctaEctoproctaPhoronidaBrachiopoda" /> || colspan="2" | Yes<ref name="Nielsen2002PhyloPosOfEntoproctaEctoproctaPhoronidaBrachiopoda" /> || not applicable
|- align="center"
! Position of [[anus]]
| colspan="2" | Outside base of [[lophophore]] || Varies, none in some species || Rear end, but none in [[Siboglinidae]] || Inside base of [[lophophore]]-like organ || none
|- align="center"
! Colonial
| Colonies of clones in most; one solitary [[genus]] || colspan="3" | [[Sessility (zoology)|Sessile]] species often form clumps, but with no active co-operation || Colonies of clones in some species; some solitary species || Colonies of clones
|- align="center"
! Shape of founder zooid
| Round, unlike normal zooids<ref name="RichFenton1997Bryozoans" /> || colspan="3" | not applicable || colspan="2" | Same as other zooids
|- align="center"
! [[Biomineralization|Mineralized]] [[exoskeleton]]s
| Some [[taxon|taxa]] || no || [[Bivalve]]-like shells || Some sessile annelids build mineralized tubes;<ref name="RuppertFoxBarnesAnnelGen">{{cite book | author1=Ruppert, E.E. | author2=Fox, R.S. | author3=Barnes, R.D. | name-list-style=amp | title=Invertebrate Zoology | chapter=Annelida | publisher=Brooks / Cole | edition=7th | isbn=978-0-03-025982-1 | year=2004 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780030259821/page/414 414–420] | chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780030259821/page/414 }}</ref> most molluscs have shells, but most modern [[cephalopod]]s have internal shells or none.<ref name="RuppertFoxBarnes2004MolluscaGen">{{cite book | author1=Ruppert, E.E. | author2=Fox, R.S. | author3=Barnes, R.D. | name-list-style=amp | title=Invertebrate Zoology | publisher=Brooks / Cole | edition=7th | isbn=978-0-03-025982-1 | year=2004 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780030259821/page/284 284–291] | url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780030259821/page/284 }}</ref> || no || Some taxa
|}