Editing Brookeville, Maryland (section)

==History==
[[Quaker]]s Richard Thomas and his wife Deborah Brooke founded the town of Brookeville in 1794, and named it after her family.<ref name="crossroads">{{cite web|url=http://www.sandyspringmuseum.org/e210.html |title=Brookeville: Gem from the Past |publisher=Sandy Spring Museum |access-date=December 14, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007181644/http://www.sandyspringmuseum.org/e210.html |archive-date=October 7, 2007 }}</ref> The town was established on land inherited by Deborah Brooke from her father Roger Brooke IV, son of an influential Quaker landholder, James Brooke. At the time, Brooke was the largest landholder in what would become Montgomery County.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://townofbrookevillemd.org/history.html |title=A Brief History |publisher=Town of Brookeville |access-date=December 14, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207142226/http://townofbrookevillemd.org/history.html |archive-date=December 7, 2008 }}</ref> Thomas set up a mill, along the Reddy Branch, which forms the northern border of the town.<ref name="crossroads"/> [[Caleb Bentley]] opened a store and a post office in 1802, becoming the first postmaster of Brookeville. The town's charter was approved in 1808, though not formally issued until 1890.<ref name="siegal"/>

Brookeville served as a market town for the [[agriculture]] industry in the surrounding area. During the 19th century, Brookeville was home to several mills, the Brookeville Academy (initially a boys' school),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sandyspringmuseum.org/c410.html |title=Brookeville Academy/Marywood |publisher=Sandy Spring Museum |access-date=July 12, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060620060821/http://www.sandyspringmuseum.org/c410.html |archive-date=June 20, 2006 }}</ref> a post office, a blacksmith's shop, St. Luke's Episcopal Church, Salem Methodist Protestant Church, and a number of shops.<ref name="national-registry"/> Newlin's Mill, located on the west side of town, processed high-quality [[castor oil]] and ground limestone for [[plaster]]. Thomas Mill was located on the east side of town.<ref name="siegal"/> To transport goods more easily to markets in Washington, D.C., a prosperous farmer established a company in 1849 to build a toll road to connect Brookeville to the Seventh Street Pike. The turnpike was sold to the state of Maryland in 1914, and later became Georgia Avenue,<ref>{{cite book |author=Barrow, Healan |author2=Kristine Stevens |title=Olney: Echoes of the Past |year=2000 |publisher=Willow Bend Books |pages=42–43}}</ref> now [[Maryland Route 97]].

Brookeville was home to Thomas Moore Jr., who along with Caleb Bentley was instrumental in the creation of the [[U.S. Department of Agriculture]]. Moore is also credited as the inventor of the first [[refrigerator]], and coining the term. He created a portable contraption to transport butter and other products to sell at markets in Washington. His products commanded a high price, due to the extra freshness of the products at the market.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/04/10/garden/if-refrigerators-could-speak-the-stories-they-d-tell.html?pagewanted=2 |title=If Refrigerators Could Speak, The Stories They'd Tell |newspaper=The New York Times |author=Barron, James |date=April 10, 1996}}</ref> Moore lived near the town, at Longwood Manor, which was built in 1817.<ref name="voa"/>

===War of 1812===
During the [[War of 1812]], when the British [[Burning of Washington|burned]] parts of Washington, D.C., the federal government and troops fled the capital. President [[James Madison]] first fled to [[Virginia]], but then turned north. He arrived in [[Rockville, Maryland|Rockville]] at 6 p.m. on August 26, 1814, expecting to find General [[William H. Winder]] and his troops. They had already proceeded on towards [[Baltimore]], however.<ref name="allen">{{cite book |title=In the Greatest Solemn Dignity – The Capitol's Four Cornerstones |author=Allen, William C. |publisher=Government Printing Office |year=1995}}</ref> Madison continued eastward and arrived in Brookeville on horseback. He reportedly carried with him a [[Safe|strongbox]], which contained the entire U.S. treasury.<ref name="voa"/> On the night of August 26, he stayed in the home of [[Caleb Bentley]], whose wife Henrietta Thomas was close friends with [[Dolley Madison]].<ref name="crossroads"/><ref name="voa">{{cite news |url=http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2007-08/2007-08-14-voa27.cfm?CFID=171645957&CFTOKEN=64046631 |title=You Won't Need Much Time to Tour This 'Capital' |publisher=VOA News |date=August 15, 2007 |author=Landphair, Ted |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081214204901/https://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2007-08/2007-08-14-voa27.cfm |archive-date=December 14, 2008}}</ref>

Madison stayed up all night, dispatching orders, while soldiers remained on guard outside.<ref>{{cite book |title=The American Historical Register |url=https://archive.org/details/americanhistori00browgoog |author=Browning, Charles Henry |year=1895 |chapter=President Madison's Retreat |publisher=Historical Register Pub |page=860}}</ref> After the British left Washington, they sailed to nearby Baltimore, where they attacked [[Fort McHenry]] and were repulsed. Upon hearing that news, Madison returned to Washington.<ref name="voa"/> Madison wrote a note to his wife that morning.

{{quote|Finding that our army has left Montgomery Court House, we pushed on to this place, with a view to join it, or proceed to the city, as further information might prescribe. I have just received a line from Col. Monroe saying that the enemy were out of Washington on the retreat to their ships and advising our immediate return to Washington. I know not where we are in the first instance to hide our heads; but shall look for a place on my arrival.|[[James Madison]]<ref name="richman"/>}}

===Late 19th century===
[[Image:Oakley cabin brookeville md.jpg|thumb|right|Oakley cabin]]
The Oakley Farm, located on the western edge of Brookeville, thrived during the 18th and 19th centuries. [[Log cabin]]s, dating from the 1820s, were built on the Oakley/Dorsey farm, to house [[slavery in the United States|slaves]] and later free black families.<ref>{{cite news |title=Road Markers Offer History at Any Speed; Stories They Tell Usually Interesting, Often True |author=Rauschart, Lisa |newspaper=The Washington Times |date=November 2, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.montgomeryparksfnd.org/fg-oakcab.htm |title=Oakley Cabin |publisher=Montgomery Parks Foundation |access-date=December 14, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823054022/http://montgomeryparksfnd.org/fg-oakcab.htm |archive-date=August 23, 2007 }}</ref> The Oakley Cabin is now maintained by the Montgomery County Department of Parks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mc-mncppc.org/parks/park_of_the_day/jun/parkday_jun30.shtm |title=Oakley Log Cabin |publisher=Montgomery County Department of Parks |access-date=December 14, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809143200/http://www.mc-mncppc.org/parks/park_of_the_day/jun/parkday_jun30.shtm |archive-date=August 9, 2007 }}</ref> A number of other 18th and 19th century cabins still exist on private property in the Brookeville area.

During the [[American Civil War]], [[George B. McClellan]] sent [[Union Army|Union]] troops (the First and Ninth Corps) through Brookeville, on their way to [[Battle of Antietam|Antietam]]. This was one of three groups of troops that came from different directions towards Antietam.<ref>{{cite book |title=Death in September: The Antietam Campaign |author=Jamieson, Perry D. |publisher=McWhiney Foundation Press |year=1995 |page=26}}</ref> The Quakers played an instrumental role in aiding escaped slaves on the [[Underground Railroad]]. Nearby [[Sandy Spring, Maryland|Sandy Spring]] was an important stop. Historians suggest that the Madison House was also used as a stop on the Underground Railroad during the Civil War. Part of the Madison House once served as the town's post office. A false stone wall in the room hid a staircase that descended in two directions, including into a hidden area in the basement where escaped slaves could hide.<ref name="richman"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://pathways.thinkport.org/library/sites4.cfm |title=Pathways to Freedom: Maryland & the Underground Railroad |publisher=Maryland Public Television |access-date=December 14, 2007}}</ref>

===20th century===
In 1910, the Salem United Methodist Church was built to replace a church that had been destroyed by fire, and the church cemetery has been there since the mid-19th century.<ref name="richman">{{cite news |title=Brookeville: Where time stands still |author=Richman, Michael |date=August 27, 1996 |newspaper=The Washington Times}}</ref> By 1900, the mills and shops had shut down, and Brookeville remained a residential town.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mdihp.net/ |title=Brookeville Historic District |publisher=Maryland Historic Trust |work=National Register of Historic Places Inventory |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160522120306/http://mdihp.net/ |archive-date=May 22, 2016}}</ref> In 1915, the Bentley family sold the Madison House to Roger Brooke, a leader of the Quaker community. The house later changed hands, owned for some time by Elisha Hall, a principal at the Brookeville Academy, banker Remus Riggs, and Gene Archer, an [[NBC]] television personality.<ref name="richman"/>

The automobile gave people more mobility and changed the market, with the nearby town of [[Olney, Maryland|Olney]] taking prominence over Brookeville.<ref name="walking"/> Since the 1950s, Olney has rapidly developed, putting pressure on Brookeville. The [[Brookeville Historic District]] was placed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1979.<ref name="national-registry">{{cite web |url=http://mht.maryland.gov/nr/ |title=National Register Listings in Maryland |publisher=Maryland Historical Trust |access-date=July 12, 2006}}</ref> Brookeville's historic designation has helped it retain historic character.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.gazette.net/stories/030806/olnenew200730_31940.shtml |title=One man's fight to preserve the past |date=March 8, 2006 |publisher=The Gazette |author=Hogan, Terri |access-date=December 14, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521200303/http://www.gazette.net/stories/030806/olnenew200730_31940.shtml |archive-date=May 21, 2008 }}</ref>