Editing British Somaliland (section)

===Treaties and establishment===
[[File:Somaliland clans.jpg|thumb|Map of British Somaliland]]
[[File:Map of Somaliland Protectorate.jpg|thumb|Map of the British Somaliland Protectorate.]]
[[File:Isaaq Chiefs Hargeisa.jpg|left|thumb|Sultans of the [[Isaaq]] clan in Hargeisa, Somaliland]]
[[File:Sultan Mohamoud Ali Shire 2.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|[[Mohamoud Ali Shire]] [[Sultan]] of the Warsangali clan]]

In the late 19th century, the [[United Kingdom]] signed agreements with the [[Gadabuursi]], [[Issa (clan)|Issa]], [[Habr Awal]], [[Garhajis]], [[Arap]] ,[[Habr Je'lo]] and [[Warsangali|Warsangeli]] clans establishing a protectorate.<ref name="EB1911"/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Laitin |first=David D. |year=1977 |title=Politics, Language, and Thought: The Somali Experience |location=Chicago |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn=978-0-226-46791-7 |page=8}}</ref><ref name="Issa-Salwe">{{cite book |first=Abdisalam M. |last=Issa-Salwe |title=The Collapse of the Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy |publisher=Haan Associates |year=1996 |isbn=1-874209-91-X |location=London |pages=34–35}}</ref> Many of these clans had signed the protection treaties with the British in response to Ethiopian Emperor [[Menelik's Invasions]]. The agreements dictated the protection of Somali rights and the maintenance of independence.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gorman |first=Robert F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YKlyAAAAMAAJ |title=Political Conflict on the Horn of Africa |date=1981 |publisher=Praeger |isbn=978-0-03-059471-7 |pages=29 |language=en |quote=Facing the Ethiopian threat, many Somali clans accepted British protection.}}</ref> The British garrisoned the protectorate from [[Aden Province|Aden]] and administered it from their [[British Indian Empire|British India]] colony until 1898. British Somaliland was then administered by the [[Foreign Office]] until 1905 and afterwards by the [[Colonial Office]].

Generally, the British did not have much interest in the resource-barren region.<ref>Samatar, Abdi Ismail  ''The State and Rural Transformation in Northern Somalia, 1884–1986'', Madison: 1989, University of Wisconsin Press, p. 31</ref> The stated purposes of the establishment of the protectorate were to "secure a supply market, check the traffic in slaves, and to exclude the interference of foreign powers."<ref>Samatar p. 31</ref> The British principally viewed the protectorate as a source for supplies of meat for their British Indian outpost in [[Colony of Aden|Aden]] through the maintenance of order in the coastal areas and protection of the caravan routes from the interior.<ref>Samatar, p. 32</ref> Hence, the region's nickname of "Aden's butcher's shop".<ref>Samatar, ''Unhappy Masses and the Challenge of Political Islam in the Horn of Africa'', Somalia Online [http://www.somaliaonline.com/cgi-bin/ubb/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=9;t=003299;p=0] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803081909/https://www.somaliaonline.com/community/?ubb=get_topic;f=9;t=003299;p=0|date=3 August 2023}} retrieved 10-03-27</ref> Colonial administration during this period did not extend administrative infrastructure beyond the coast,<ref>Samatar, ''The state and rural transformation in Northern Somalia''p. 42</ref> and contrasted with the more interventionist colonial experience of [[Italian Somalia]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Tristan |last=McConnell |title=The Invisible Country |work=Virginia Quarterly Review |date=15 January 2009 |url=http://www.pulitzercenter.org/openitem.cfm?id=2146 |access-date=27 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613171106/http://www.pulitzercenter.org/openitem.cfm?id=2146 |archive-date=13 June 2010 |df=dmy}}</ref>