Editing Boxer Rebellion (section)

=== Christian missionary activity ===
According to [[John King Fairbank]]:<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fairbank |first=John King |title=The United States and China |year=1983 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-92438-3 |edition=4th |series=American foreign policy library |location=Cambridge, MA |page=202 |orig-date=1948}}</ref>
<blockquote>The opening of the country in the 1860s facilitated the great effort to Christianize China. Building on old [French] foundations, the Roman Catholic establishment totaled by 1894 some 750 European missionaries, 400 native priests, and over half a million communicants. By 1894 the newer Protestant mission effort supported over 1300 missionaries, mainly British and American, and maintained some 500 stations-each with a church, residences, street chapels, and usually a small school and possibly a hospital or dispensary-in about 350 different cities and towns. Yet they had made fewer than 60,000 Chinese Christian converts.</blockquote>

There was limited success in terms of converts and establishing schools in a nation of about 400&nbsp;million people.<ref>Nigel Dalziel, ''The Penguin Historical Atlas of the British Empire'' (2006) pp. 102–103.</ref><ref>Andrew N. Porter, ed. ''The Imperial Horizons of British Protestant Missions, 1880–1914'' (Eerdmans, 2003).</ref> The missions faced escalating anger directed at the threat of cultural imperialism. The main result was the Boxer Rebellion, in which missions were attacked and thousands of Chinese Christians were massacred to destroy Western influences.