Editing Bosnian language (section)

==History==
{{See also|Bosnian Cyrillic|Serbo-Croatian}}

===Standardization===
[[File:Azbuka BH.svg|thumb|left|upright=3|Old Bosnian alphabets: ''[[Bosnian Cyrillic|bosančica]]'' (top line) and ''[[arebica]]'' (bottom line), compared with contemporary ''[[Gaj's Latin alphabet|latinica]]'' (middle line)]]
[[File:WIKITONGUES- Mirela speaking Bosnian.webm|thumb|A Bosnian speaker, recorded in [[Kosovo]]]]
[[File:RacsunBosanskiJezik1827.jpg|thumb|School book of Latin and Bosnian, 1827]]
[[File:Gramatika bosanskog jezika.jpg|thumb|Bosnian Grammar, 1890]]

{{clear|left}}
Although Bosnians are, at the level of [[vernacular|vernacular idiom]], [[linguistically]] more [[homogeneous]] than either Serbians or Croatians, unlike those nations they failed to [[codification (linguistics)|codify]] a standard language in the 19th century, with at least two factors being decisive:

*The Bosnian elite, as closely intertwined with Ottoman life, wrote predominantly in foreign (Arabic, Persian, Ottoman Turkish) languages.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.ghb.ba/index.php/en/about-us/new-building/61-english/about-us/colletcions|title = Collection of printed books in Arabic, Turkish and Persian|date = 2014-05-16|access-date = 2014-05-16|website = Gazi Husrev-begova biblioteka|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140517151418/http://www.ghb.ba/index.php/en/about-us/new-building/61-english/about-us/colletcions|archive-date = 2014-05-17|url-status = dead}}</ref> [[Vernacular literature]] written in Bosnian with the [[Arebica]] script was relatively thin and sparse.
*The Bosnians' national emancipation lagged behind that of the Serbs and Croats and because denominational rather than cultural or linguistic issues played the pivotal role, a Bosnian language project did not arouse much interest or support amongst the intelligentsia of the time.

The modern Bosnian standard took shape in the 1990s and 2000s. Lexically, Islamic-Oriental loanwords are more frequent; phonetically: the phoneme /x/ (letter ''h'') is reinstated in many words as a distinct feature of [[nonstandard dialect|vernacular]] Bosniak speech and language tradition; also, there are some changes in grammar, morphology and orthography that reflect the Bosniak pre-[[World War I]] literary tradition, mainly that of the Bosniak renaissance at the beginning of the 20th century.

===Gallery===
<gallery>
File:Nauk krstjanski za narod slovinski - Divković (1611).jpg|''Nauk krstjanski za narod slovinski'', by [[Matija Divković]], the first Bosnian printed book. Published in [[Venice]], 1611
File:Bosnian dictionary by Muhamed Hevaji Uskufi Bosnevi in 1631.jpg|Bosnian dictionary by [[Muhamed Hevaji Uskufi Bosnevi]], 1631
File:Free Will and Acts of Faith WDL2986.pdf|The ''Free Will and Acts of Faith'', manuscript from the early 19th century
File:Bosnian Book of the Science of Conduct WDL7479.pdf|The ''Bosnian Book of the Science of Conduct'' by '[[Abdulvehab Ilhamija|Abdulvehab Žepčevi]], 1831
File:Bosnian Grammar for High Schools. Parts 1 and 2, Study of Voice and Form WDL7482.pdf|Bosnian Grammar, 1890
</gallery>

===Controversy and recognition===
[[File:Political correctness in Bosnia (14151146675).jpg|thumb|A [[Tobacco packaging warning messages|cigarette warning]] "Smoking seriously harms you and others around you", ostensibly in three languages. The "Bosnian" and "Croatian" versions are identical and the "Serbian" one is a Cyrilic [[transliteration]] of the exact same text.]]
The name "Bosnian language" is a controversial issue for some [[Croats]] and [[Serbs]], who also refer to it as the "Bosniak" language ({{lang-sh-Latn-Cyrl|separator=" / "|bošnjački|бошњачки}}, {{IPA|sh|bǒʃɲaːtʃkiː|}}). Bosniak linguists however insist that the only legitimate name is "Bosnian" language ({{lang|bs|bosanski}}) and that that is the name that both Croats and Serbs should use. The controversy arises because the name "Bosnian" may seem to imply that it is the language of all Bosnians, while [[Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnian Croats]] and [[Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Serbs]] reject that designation for their idioms.

The language is called ''Bosnian language'' in the 1995 [[Dayton Agreement|Dayton Accords]]{{sfn|Alexander|2006|p=409}} and is concluded by observers to have received legitimacy and international recognition at the time.<ref>{{cite book|title=Language and Identity in the Balkans: Serbo-Croatian and Its Disintegration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_lNjHgr3QioC&pg=PA136|last=Greenberg|first=Robert D.|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=136|isbn = 9780191514555}}</ref>

The [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2|title=ISO 639-2 Registration Authority|publisher=[[Library of Congress]]}}</ref> [[United States Board on Geographic Names]] (BGN) and the [[Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use|Permanent Committee on Geographical Names]] (PCGN) recognize the Bosnian language. Furthermore, the status of the Bosnian language is also recognized by bodies such as the [[United Nations]], [[UNESCO]] and translation and interpreting accreditation agencies,<ref>{{cite book|last=Sussex|first=Roland|title=The Slavic Languages|url=https://archive.org/details/slaviclanguagesc00suss|url-access=limited|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-22315-6|pages=[https://archive.org/details/slaviclanguagesc00suss/page/n98 76]}}</ref> including internet translation services.

Most English-speaking language encyclopedias ([[Routledge]], [[Glottolog]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/bosn1245|title=Bosnian|work=Glottolog}}</ref> [[Ethnologue]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bos|title=Bosnian|work=Ethnologue}}</ref> etc.)<ref>Bernard Comrie (ed.): The World's Major Languages. Second Edition. Routledge, New York/London, 2009</ref> register the language solely as "Bosnian" language. The [[Library of Congress]] registered the language as "Bosnian" and gave it an ISO-number. The Slavic language institutes in English-speaking countries offer courses in "Bosnian" or "Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian" language, not in "Bosniak" language (e.g. Columbia,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/bulletin/uwb/subj/BCRS/W1202-20161-001/|title=Spring 2016 Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian W1202 section 001|publisher=[[Columbia University]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128123421/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/bulletin/uwb/subj/BCRS/W1202-20161-001/|archive-date=2016-01-28}}</ref> Cornell,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://courses.cornell.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=14&coid=159062|title=BCS 1133 – Continuing Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian I – Acalog ACMS™|publisher=[[Cornell University]]}}</ref> Chicago,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://slavic.uchicago.edu/courses?f&#91;0&#93;=field_section%3A5|title=Courses|work=[[University of Chicago]]}}</ref> Washington,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://slavic.washington.edu/fields/bosnian-croatian-serbian|title=Bosnian Croatian Serbian|publisher=[[University of Washington]]|access-date=2015-08-26|archive-date=2017-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011121137/https://slavic.washington.edu/fields/bosnian-croatian-serbian|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kansas).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://slavic.ku.edu/why-study-bosniancroatianserbian-bcs-ku-slavic-department|title=Why Study Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian (BCS) with the KU Slavic Department?|publisher=[[University of Kansas]]|date=2012-12-18}}</ref> The same is the case in German-speaking countries, where the language is taught under the name {{lang|de|Bosnisch}}, not {{lang|de|Bosniakisch}} (e.g. Vienna,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://slawistik.univie.ac.at/studium/curricula/|title=Institut für Slawistik » Curricula|publisher=[[University of Vienna]]}}</ref> Graz,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://translationswissenschaft.uni-graz.at/de/studieren/studienangebot-am-itat/ba-transkulturelle-kommunikation/bosnischkroatischserbisch/|title=Bosnisch/Kroatisch/Serbisch|publisher=[[University of Graz]]|access-date=2015-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703104144/http://translationswissenschaft.uni-graz.at/de/studieren/studienangebot-am-itat/ba-transkulturelle-kommunikation/bosnischkroatischserbisch/|archive-date=2016-07-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> Trier)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uni-trier.de/index.php?id=55477|title=Slavistik – Bosnisch-Kroatisch-Montenegrinisch-Serbisch|date=28 July 2015|publisher=[[University of Trier]]}}</ref> with very few exceptions.

Some Croatian linguists ([[Zvonko Kovač]], [[Ivo Pranjković]], [[Josip Silić]]) support the name "Bosnian" language, whereas others ([[Radoslav Katičić]], [[Dalibor Brozović]], [[Tomislav Ladan]]) hold that the term ''Bosnian language'' is the only one appropriate{{clarify|date=May 2014}} and that accordingly the terms Bosnian language and Bosniak language refer to two different things.{{clarify|date=May 2014}} The Croatian state institutions, such as the Central Bureau of Statistics, use both terms: "Bosniak" language was used in the 2001 census,<ref name="DZS">{{Croatian Census 2001 | url = http://web.dzs.hr/Hrv/censuses/Census2001/Popis/H01_02_03/H01_02_03.html | title = 13. Stanovništvo prema materinskom jeziku, po gradovima/općinama, popis 2001. | trans-title = Population by native language }}</ref> while the census in 2011 used the term "Bosnian" language.<ref>{{Croatian Census 2011 |url=http://web.dzs.hr/Hrv/censuses/census2011/results/htm/H01_01_09/H01_01_09.html |access-date=January 19, 2014 | title = 3. Stanovništvo prema materinskom jeziku – detaljna klasifikacija – popis 2011 | trans-title=Population by native language}}</ref>

The majority of Serbian linguists hold that the term ''Bosniak language'' is the only one appropriate,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rastko.rs/filologija/odbor/odluka001_c.html|title=[Projekat Rastko] Odbor za standardizaciju srpskog jezika|work=rastko.rs}}</ref> which was agreed as early as 1990.<ref>Svein Mønnesland, »Language Policy in Bosnia-Herzegovina« (pp 135–155). In: ''Language : Competence–Change–Contact = Sprache : Kompetenz – Kontakt – Wandel'', edited by: Annikki Koskensalo, John Smeds, Rudolf de Cillia, Ángel Huguet; Berlin; Münster : Lit Verlag, 2012, {{ISBN|978-3-643-10801-2}}, p. 143. "Already in 1990 the Committee for the Serbian language decided that only the term 'Bosniac language' should be used officially in Serbia, and this was confirmed in 1998."</ref>

The original form of [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|The Constitution of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] called the language "Bosniac language",<ref>{{cite web|title=Constitution of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|url=http://www.ohr.int/print/?content_id=5907|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020301141803/http://www.ohr.int/print/?content_id=5907|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 March 2002|publisher=[[High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina]]|access-date=3 June 2010}}</ref> until 2002 when it was changed in Amendment XXIX of the Constitution of the Federation by [[Wolfgang Petritsch]].<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.ohr.int/decisions/statemattersdec/default.asp?content_id=7475|title=Decision on Constitutional Amendments in the Federation|publisher=[[High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020513193906/http://www.ohr.int/decisions/statemattersdec/default.asp?content_id=7475|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 13, 2002|access-date=January 19, 2014}}</ref> The original text of the Constitution of the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] was agreed in [[Vienna]] and was signed by [[Krešimir Zubak]] and [[Haris Silajdžić]] on March 18, 1994.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/file/resources/collections/peace_agreements/washagree_03011994.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201232412/http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/file/resources/collections/peace_agreements/washagree_03011994.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 1, 2014|title=Washington Agreement|access-date=January 19, 2014}}</ref>

The constitution of {{lang|sr|[[Republika Srpska]]}}, the Serb-dominated entity within Bosnia and Herzegovina, did not recognize any language or ethnic group other than Serbian.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Constitution of the Republika Srpska|url=http://www.usefoundation.org/foundation/research/olp/viewLegislation.asp?CID=15&LID=32|publisher=U.S. English Foundation Research|access-date=3 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721164105/http://www.usefoundation.org/foundation/research/olp/viewLegislation.asp?CID=15&LID=32|archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref> Bosniaks were mostly expelled from the territory controlled by the Serbs from 1992, but immediately after the war they demanded the restoration of their civil rights in those territories. The Bosnian Serbs refused to make reference to the Bosnian language in their constitution and as a result had constitutional amendments imposed by [[High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina|High Representative]] [[Wolfgang Petritsch]]. However, the constitution of {{lang|sr|Republika Srpska}} refers to it as the ''Language spoken by Bosniaks'',<ref>{{cite web|title=Decision on Constitutional Amendments in Republika Srpska|url=http://www.ohr.int/print/?content_id=7474|publisher=[[High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina]]|access-date=3 June 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118131924/http://www.ohr.int/print/?content_id=7474|archive-date=18 January 2012}}</ref> because the Serbs were required to recognise the language officially, but wished to avoid recognition of its name.<ref>{{cite book|last=Greenberg|first=Robert David|title=Language and Identity in the Balkans: Serbo-Croatian and its Disintegration|url=https://archive.org/details/languageidentity00gree|url-access=limited|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-925815-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/languageidentity00gree/page/n166 156]}}</ref>

Serbia includes the Bosnian language as an elective subject in primary schools.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rizvanovic|first=Alma|title=Language Battle Divides Schools|url=http://www.iwpr.net/report-news/language-battle-divides-schools|access-date=3 June 2010|newspaper=Institute for War & Peace Reporting|date=2 August 2005|archive-date=28 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128030125/http://iwpr.net/report-news/language-battle-divides-schools|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Montenegro]] officially recognizes the Bosnian language: its [[Constitution of Montenegro|2007 Constitution]] specifically states that although [[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]] is the official language, Serbian, Bosnian, Albanian and Croatian are also in official use.<ref name=MontenegroConstitution>{{cite web|url=http://www.pravda.gov.me/vijesti.php?akcija%3Drubrika%26rubrika%3D121|title=Vlada Crne Gore|access-date=2009-03-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617081137/http://www.pravda.gov.me/vijesti.php?akcija=rubrika&rubrika=121|archive-date=2009-06-17}} See Art. 13 of the Constitution of the Republic of Montenegro, adopted on 19 October 2007, available at the website of the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Montenegro</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cafemontenegro.com/index.php?group=23&news=7498|title=Crna Gora dobila novi Ustav|publisher=Cafe del Montenegro|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021042141/http://www.cafemontenegro.com/index.php?group=23&news=7498|url-status=dead|date=20 October 2007|archive-date=2007-10-21|access-date=12 August 2017}}</ref>

===Historical usage of the term===
*In the work {{Lang|cu|Skazanie izjavljenno o pismeneh}} that was written between 1423 and 1426, the Bulgarian chronicler [[Constantine of Kostenets|Constantine the Philosopher]], in parallel with the Bulgarian, Serbian, Slovenian, Czech and Croatian, he also mentions the Bosnian language.<ref name="Muhsin Rizvić 1996 6" />
*The notary book of the town of Kotor from July 3, 1436, recounts a duke buying a girl that is described as a: "Bosnian woman, heretic and in the Bosnian language called Djevena".<ref name="Muhsin Rizvić 1996 6">{{cite book|author= Muhsin Rizvić|title=Bosna i Bošnjaci: Jezik i pismo|publisher=Preporod|page=6|location=[[Sarajevo]]|url=http://www.muhsinrizvic.ba/sadrzaj/MRizvic-Bosna_i_Bosnjaci_%20jezik_i_pismo.pdf#page=6|year=1996}}</ref><ref>Aleksandar Solovjev, ''Trgovanje bosanskim robljem do god. 1661''. - Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja, N. S., 1946, 1, 151.</ref>
*The work ''Thesaurus Polyglottus'', published in [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt am Main]] in 1603 by the German historian and linguist [[Hieronymus Megiser]], mentions the Bosnian dialect alongside the Dalmatian, Croatian and Serbian one.<ref>V. Putanec, ''Leksikografija'', Enciklopedija Jugoslavije, V, 1962, 504.</ref><ref>{{cite book|author= Muhsin Rizvić|title=Bosna i Bošnjaci: Jezik i pismo|publisher=Preporod|page=7|location=[[Sarajevo]]|url=http://www.muhsinrizvic.ba/sadrzaj/MRizvic-Bosna_i_Bosnjaci_%20jezik_i_pismo.pdf#page=7|year=1996}}</ref>
*The Bosnian Franciscan [[Matija Divković]], regarded as the founder of the modern literature of Bosnia and Herzegovina,<ref name="Lovrenovic">{{cite web |title=DIVKOVIĆ: OTAC BOSANSKE KNJIŽEVNOSTI, PRVI BOSANSKI TIPOGRAF |url=http://ivanlovrenovic.com/2012/01/divkovic-otac-bosanske-knjizevnosti-prvi-bosanski-tipograf/ |publisher=IvanLovrenovic.com |access-date=30 August 2012 |author=Ivan Lovrenović |date=2012-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712170534/http://ivanlovrenovic.com/2012/01/divkovic-otac-bosanske-knjizevnosti-prvi-bosanski-tipograf/ |archive-date=12 July 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="hrvatska-rijec">{{cite web |title= Matija Divković – otac bosanskohercegovačke i hrvatske književnosti u BiH |url= http://www.hrvatska-rijec.com/2011/04/matija-divkovic-otac-bosansko-hercegovacke-i-hrvatske-knjizevnosti-u-bih/ |publisher= www.hrvatska-rijec.com |access-date= 30 August 2012 |author= hrvatska-rijec.com |language= sh |date= 17 April 2011 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117002803/http://www.hrvatska-rijec.com/2011/04/matija-divkovic-otac-bosansko-hercegovacke-i-hrvatske-knjizevnosti-u-bih/ |archive-date= 17 January 2012 }}</ref> asserts in his work {{Lang|bs|Nauk krstjanski za narod slovinski}} ("The Christian doctrine for the Slavic peoples") from 1611 his "translation from Latin to the real and true Bosnian language" ({{Lang|bs|A privideh iz dijačkog u pravi i istinit jezik bosanski}})<ref name="Muhsin Rizvić 1996 24">{{cite book|author= Muhsin Rizvić|title=Bosna i Bošnjaci: Jezik i pismo|publisher=Preporod|page=24|location=[[Sarajevo]]|url=http://www.muhsinrizvic.ba/sadrzaj/MRizvic-Bosna_i_Bosnjaci_%20jezik_i_pismo.pdf#page=24|year=1996}}</ref>
*Bosniak poet and [[Arebica|Aljamiado]] writer [[Muhamed Hevaji Uskufi Bosnevi]] who refers to the language of his 1632 dictionary'' Magbuli-arif'' as Bosnian.<ref>{{cite web|title=Aljamiado and Oriental Literature in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1463-1878)|url=http://www.pozitiv.si/dividedgod/texts/Aljamiado%20and%20Oriental%20Literature%20in%20BiH.pdf|publisher=pozitiv.si|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202111003/http://www.pozitiv.si/dividedgod/texts/Aljamiado%20and%20Oriental%20Literature%20in%20BiH.pdf|archive-date=2014-02-02}}</ref>
*One of the first grammarians, the Jesuit clergyman [[Bartol Kašić]] calls the language used in his work from 1640 {{Lang|bs|Ritual rimski}} ('Roman Rite') as {{Lang|bs|naški}} ('our language') or {{Lang|bs|bosanski}} ('Bosnian'). He used the term "Bosnian" even though he was born in a [[Chakavian]] region: instead he decided to adopt a "common language" ({{Lang|la|lingua communis}}) based on a version of [[Shtokavian]] [[Ikavian]].<ref name="Muhsin Rizvić 1996 8">{{cite book|author= Muhsin Rizvić|title=Bosna i Bošnjaci: Jezik i pismo|publisher=Preporod|page=8|location=[[Sarajevo]]|url=http://www.muhsinrizvic.ba/sadrzaj/MRizvic-Bosna_i_Bosnjaci_%20jezik_i_pismo.pdf#page=8|year=1996}}</ref><ref name="Vatroslav Jagić 1948">Vatroslav Jagić, ''Iz prošlost hrvatskog jezika''. Izabrani kraći spisi. Zagreb, 1948, 49.</ref>
*The Croatian linguist [[Jakov Mikalja]] (1601–1654) who states in his dictionary {{Lang|hr|Blagu jezika slovinskoga}} ({{Lang|la|Thesaurus lingue Illyricae}}) from 1649 that he wants to include "the most beautiful words" adding that "of all [[Illyrian movement|Illyrian]] languages the Bosnian is the most beautiful", and that all Illyrian writers should try to write in that language.<ref name="Muhsin Rizvić 1996 8" /><ref name="Vatroslav Jagić 1948" />
*18th century Bosniak chronicler [[Mula Mustafa Bašeskija]] who argues in his yearbook of collected Bosnian poems that the "Bosnian language" is much richer than the Arabic, because there are 45 words for the verb "to go" in Bosnian.<ref name="Muhsin Rizvić 1996 24" />
*The Venetian writer, naturalist and cartographer [[Alberto Fortis]] (1741–1803) calls in his work ''[[Viaggio in Dalmazia]]'' ("Journey to Dalmatia") the language of [[Morlachs]] as Illyrian, Morlach and Bosnian.<ref>{{cite book|author= Alberto Fortis|title=Viaggo in Dalmazia|publisher=Presso Alvise Milocco, all' Appoline, MDCCLXXIV|volume=I|pages=91–92|location= [[Venice]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MCJPAAAAcAAJ|year=1774|author-link=Alberto Fortis}}</ref>
*The Croatian writer and lexicographer [[Matija Petar Katančić]] published six volumes of biblical translations in 1831 described as being "transferred from Slavo-Illyrian to the pronunciation of the Bosnian language".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://katalog.hazu.hr/web%5Cslike%5Cstr165.JPG |title=str165 |access-date=2014-01-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425214525/http://katalog.hazu.hr/web/slike/str165.JPG |archive-date=2012-04-25 }}</ref>
*Croatian writer [[Matija Mažuranić]] refers in the work {{Lang|hr|Pogled u Bosnu}} (1842) to the language of Bosnians as Illyrian (a 19th-century [[synonym]] to [[South Slavic languages]]) mixed with Turkish words, with a further statement that they are the speakers of the Bosniak language.<ref>{{cite book|author= Matija Mažuranić|title= Pogled u Bosnu|publisher=Tiskom narodne tiskarnice dra, Lj. Gaja|page=52|location=[[Zagreb]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gKMZAAAAIAAJ&q=turski|year=1842|author-link= Matija Mažuranić}}</ref>
*The Bosnian Franciscan [[Ivan Franjo Jukić]] states in his work {{Lang|bs|Zemljopis i Poviestnica Bosne}} (1851) that Bosnia was the only Turkish land (i.e. under the control of the Ottoman Empire) that remained entirely pure without Turkish speakers, both in the villages and so on the highlands. Further he states "[...] a language other than the Bosnian is not spoken [in Bosnia], the greatest Turkish [i.e. Muslim] gentlemen only speak Turkish when they are at the [[Vizier]]".<ref>{{cite book|author= [[Ivan Franjo Jukić]] (Slavoljub Bošnjak)|title=Pogled u Bosnu|publisher=Bérzotiskom narodne tiskarnice dra. Ljudevita Gaja|page=16|location=[[Zagreb]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t9xBAAAAYAAJ&q=bosanskog|year=1851}}</ref>
*[[Ivan Kukuljević Sakcinski]], a 19th-century Croatian writer and historian, stated in his work {{Lang|hr|Putovanje po Bosni}} ''(Travels into Bosnia)'' from 1858, how the 'Turkish' (i.e. Muslim) Bosniaks, despite converting to the Muslim faith, preserved their traditions and the Slavic mood, and that they speak the purest variant of the Bosnian language, by refusing to add Turkish words to their vocabulary.<ref>{{cite book|author= Ivan Kukuljević Sakcinski|title=Putovanje po Bosni|publisher=Tiskom narodne tiskarnice dra, Lj. Gaja|page=114|location=[[Zagreb]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S_EDAAAAYAAJ&q=114|year=1858|author-link=Ivan Kukuljević Sakcinski}}</ref>