Editing Bonanza, Arkansas (section)

===Bonanza Race War===
[[File:War at Bonanza.jpg|thumb|May 2, 1904, newspaper article describing the conflict, taken from the ''Fort Smith Times''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 2, 1904 |title=War at Bonanza |url=https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/media/bonanza-race-war-newspaper-article-8451/ |page=1 |newspaper=[[Fort Smith Times]] |via=[[Encyclopedia of Arkansas]]}}</ref>]]
On April 27, 1904, around 200 residents congregated west of Bonanza to decide on and ultimately pass a resolution "demanding that about forty negroes employed by Central Coal and Coke Company leave town", which, if necessary, would be administered by force.<ref name="CALS">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Bonanza (Sebastian County) |url=https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/bonanza-sebastian-county-6085/ |access-date=January 16, 2015 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Arkansas]] |publisher=[[Central Arkansas Library System]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 30, 1904 |title=Negroes Warned to Leave Town |url=https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/media/bonanza-race-war-newspaper-article-8450/ |newspaper=[[Arkansas Gazette]] |via=[[Encyclopedia of Arkansas]]}}</ref> The [[United Mine Workers of America]] responded to rumors alleging its involvement as "false and unfounded" while pledging to protect its Black workers.<ref name="CALS" />

On April 30, a gun battle between Black and white customers at a saloon escalated into a violent conflict consisting of armed white mobs directing gunfire into the homes of Black residents.<ref name="CALS" /> According to the ''[[Fort Smith Times]]'', "as many as 500 shots were fired during the night."<ref name="CALS" /> On May 7, the ''[[Arkansas Gazette]]'' reported, "No one wounded during the fusillade, but Negroes were terrorized and decided to leave", adding that "nearly all black residents had left the city" by that time.<ref name="CALS" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=May 7, 1904 |title=Negroes Leave Town of Bonanza |url=https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/media/bonanza-race-war-newspaper-article-8444/ |newspaper=[[Arkansas Gazette]] |via=[[Encyclopedia of Arkansas]]}}</ref> Bonanza residents' forceful expulsion of Black people through terror has led to the location being described as a [[sundown town]] by the [[Central Arkansas Library System]]'s ''[[Encyclopedia of Arkansas]]''.<ref name="CALS" />